【作者】 郑登科；

【导师】 刘白雁；

【作者基本信息】 武汉科技大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文所开展的研究工作是国家自然科学基金项目“液控导向的自动垂直钻井工具的理论与技术(No.50574070)”和湖北省自然科学基金项目“垂直钻井的井下机电液系统闭环控制理论与技术研究(2004ABA002)”的一部分,主要是研究深井自动垂直钻进中对自动垂直钻具中的液压导向纠斜机构控制与实现问题。论文较详细地论述了目前国内外在自动垂直钻井技术及其工具研制方面的现状和进展,针对本校钻井控制研究室所研制的垂直钻井工具样机的结构特点,以及实钻工况、垂直钻井的工艺要求,提出了基于实时控制的微小井斜的井斜测量原理,通过计算证明了用重力加速计的X、Y轴作为测量轴来代替Z轴作为测量轴进行微小井斜测量具有明显的优势。对以单片机为核心的井下纠斜闭环控制系统的设计进行了详细探讨,提出了基于单片机的实时控制策略和控制算法,分析了井下实时控制中所存在的诸如振动、高温、噪声、空间结构狭小、控制能源受限、人工无法干预等特有问题,并针对这些问题,在单片机控制系统的硬软件设计中进行了有意义的探索。本文对单片机系统硬件设计中的总体设计以及采样、串口通信、显示及输出控制等电路给出了较为详细的介绍,对有关的软件实现也给出了必要的说明。所设计的单片机控制系统最后在室内对模拟钻具进行了实时控制实验,实验结果表明所设计的控制器在无振动工况对模拟井斜角的控制精度为0.1°,在有振动时能够对最小为0.25°的模拟井斜进行有效控制。更多还原

【Abstract】 The work in this paper is a part of the research work“Theory and Technology of the Automatic Vertical Well Drilling Tool of The Liquid Controlling Guide (No. 5074074)”which is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and the research work " The Close Controlling Theory and Technical Research of Down Hole Electromechanical Liquid System of Vertical Well Drilling (2004ABA002) " which is funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of Hubei. It is mainly about the controlling and realizing of the hydraulic guide auto-deviation device of auto vertical drilling tool in deep well。The paper has discussed the existing status and progress in terms of automatic vertical drilling technologies and tool development in both home and abroad in detail , puts forward the minute inclination survey principles based on real-time control pointed to the structural characteristics of the vertical drilling model machines developed by drilling control lab in our college and practical operation condition and process requirements to vertical drilling , and then proved that there exits remarkable advantages when we take X and Y axis as gaging spindle instead of Z axis. The paper has also probed into the designs of down hole closed-loop auto-deviation controlling systems ,whose core is single-chip microcomputers , brought forward real-time controlling strategies and cotrolling algorithms based upon single-chip microcomputers ,ananyzed many particular problem existing in down hole real-time controlling conditions such as viberations , high temperatures ,noises, narrow spaces ,limited controlling energies and unavailable manual interventions ,and done much significant research in hardware and software designs in single-chip microcomputer controlling systems in view of the issues above. Finally ,the paper has made specific introduction to the general hardware layouts in single-chip microcomputer systerms and sampling , series communication,display and output circuits, and made necessary statements to relevant software realizations as well。A real-time controlling experiment has been put on the simulation drilling tools in door by means of the single-chip microprocessor of the design, and then it has been indicated that the control precision of the simulation inclination angle by using the controller of the design could be up to 0.1°on non-vibration condition, and that effective control to the simulation inclination angle no less than 0.25°could be realized with the same controller on vibration condition。更多还原