基于dsPIC的无刷直流电机控制器设计及齿槽转矩削弱方法研究

【作者】 张鑫；

【导师】 王秀和；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 电机与电器， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文首先对无刷直流电机(BLDCM)的组成结构、运行原理进行了阐述，并讨论了无刷直流电机的相关控制策略。然后以无刷直流电动机为控制对象，基于微处理器dsPIC30F2010进行了控制系统的软硬件设计，通过数字信号处理器与相关模拟电路的组合，实现对电机控制的数字化处理。硬件系统包括：dsPIC外围电路、位置检测电路、全桥功率逆变电路、保护电路等。软件系统应用C语言编写，包括主程序、服务子程序、中断子程序。主程序完成芯片初始化、变量的初始化等，服务子程序完成A／D转换、软件换相、PWM产生等，通过检测霍尔位置信号来触发中断程序。随后本文基于能量法和傅立叶分解的解析方法对平行充磁表面式磁极无刷直流电机的齿槽转矩进行了分析，深入研究了几种齿槽转矩的削弱方法，包括：选择合适的极弧系数削弱齿槽转矩的方法，永磁体不对称分布削弱齿槽转矩的方法，不等极弧系数组合削弱齿槽转矩的方法，永磁体内外径不同心(磁极偏心)削弱齿槽转矩的方法，并且推导出上述削弱方法中电机参数的确定方法。最后针对不同的电机模型，应用有限元计算软件进行验证，表明上述参数确定方法行之有效。最后，根据设计要求设计了24V、500W无刷直流电动机，并制作样机。应用样机进行本文设计的控制系统的试验，试验表明控制系统稳定有效，样机运转良好。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis firstly explains the composing structure and operating principles of brushless DC motor and then discusses the relevant control strategies of it. The brushless DC motor (BLDCM) is set as the control target. The design of hardware of control system is conducted on the basis of dsPIC30F2010 microprocessor. And a digital processing is realized by the combination of digital signal processing with relevant circuit. The hardware system contains dsPIC external circuit, position detection circuit, bridge power drive circuit, protective circuit, etc. Software system which is compiled by C programming language contains main routine, service subroutine and interrupt subroutine. The main routine is used for initialization of slug and the variable, while service subroutine is used for A/D transition, software phase conversion, PWM production, and so on. The interrupt subroutine is triggered by Hall position signal.Based on the analytical method of energy approach and Fourier expansion, the analysis of cogging torque of permanent magnet motor equipped with parallel-magnetized surfaced mounted magnets has been conducted. A further study on several kinds of weakening methods of cogging torque has been made, including cogging torque weakened by choosing proper pole arc coefficient, by asymmetric distribution of permanent magnet, by combination of different polar arc coefficients, or by changing the shape of permanent magnet. Meanwhile, determination methods of motor parameters in different ways of torque weakening are deducted. Finally, the results in different motor models are calculated and tested with finite element method, which proves the validity of the mentioned determination methods above.At last the 24V 500W BLDC prototype based on design intention is made. The prototype is then used for the experiment of control system designed in this thesis. It is proved by the experiment that the system is stable and efficient and the prototype runs well.更多还原