基于双CAN总线的中小型船舶监控系统设计

【作者】 罗晓；

【导师】 周风余；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 控制理论与控制工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着信息技术的飞速发展，以现场总线为基础的网络型控制系统已成为船舶自动化领域的发展方向。本文应用CAN总线设计了一套船舶监控系统，包括机舱监测系统和驾驶室集控台单元两部分。机舱监测系统实现了对机舱设备运行参数的现场采集和传送、信息处理和显示、超限报警和重要参数的就地显示等功能；驾驶室集控台单元包括多种数字式仪表，实现了对舵角的随动控制、舵角和航向的数字显示以及多种故障的声光报警。本文首先简要介绍了现场总线技术及其在船舶自动化领域的应用，提出了基于双CAN总线冗余的中小型船舶监控系统设计方案，对双CAN总线网络的具体实现做了详细说明，并介绍了监测节点的各个功能模块；在Linux操作系统下开发了图形界面监控软件，详细介绍了监控软件各个界面的功能；详细介绍了驾驶室集控台单元各模块的设计与功能。最后，本文对设计中采用的各种抗干扰措施进行了深入分析，特别介绍了多种先进抗电磁干扰器件的性能和使用方法。本文设计开发的船舶监控系统具有以下几个特点。首先，在保证监测节点可靠性的基础上，采用了物理介质冗余设计，使用两套总线电缆、两个总线驱动器、两个总线控制器，实现了总线物理层和数据链路层的冗余配置，满足了监控系统对数据传输的可靠性要求。其次，针对船舶机舱电磁环境恶劣、干扰严重的特点，在设计中使用了多种先进抗电磁干扰器件，综合采用软硬件抗干扰措施，大大提高了节点的抗干扰能力和系统的可靠性。第三，在Linux操作系统下使用MiniGUI开发上位机监控软件，运行稳定、可靠，界面友好。第四，开发了多种数字式仪表以代替目前中小型船舶上普遍使用的落后模拟式仪表，便于安装、使用，性价比高。基于双CAN总线设计的中小型船舶监控系统功能强大，可靠性高，可有效地提高船舶的自动化水平，提高船舶航行安全性，大幅度的降低生产及运营成本，减轻船员劳动强度，具有较高的性价比，具有良好的推广价值和市场前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the rapid development of information technology,the network control system based on the Fieldbus has shown the right direction for developing ship automation.This article presents a ship monitoring and control system based on CANBUS including a engine room monitoring system and a bridge centralized control panel module.The engine room monitoring system collects and transmits parameters of the engine room equipments,and possesses functions such as data disposal,graphical display,failure alarm.It also provides selectable units for local parameter display. The bridge centralized control panel module includes three digital instruments which carry out the rudder servo control, numeric display of rudder angle and course,and audible and visual failure alarm.In this article,the Fieldbus and its application in ship automation is briefly introduced.Then,a monitoring and control system based on dual CANBUS for small and medium-sized vessel is brought forward.It is described in detail how the dual CANBUS works.The function modules of the monitoring node are presented separately. Monitoring software with graphical interfaces was developed under Linux system.Three digital instruments are described,which consist of the bridge centralized control panel module.Several anti-jamming measures are analyzed at length, especially, some advanced anti-EMI components are introduced.The ship monitoring and control system has following characteristics.First,the physical part of CANBUS is redundancy.In other word,two set of network media,driver and controller are used to provide alternative functional channels in case of failure.Second,both software and hardware anti-jamming measures are used to conquer the serious EMI and poor conditions of the engine room. Advanced anti-EMI components used in the design have a good performance.Third,monitoring software was developed with MiniGUI under Linux,which has friendly interface and runs steadily.Fourth,three new digital instruments were developed to replace the backward analog instruments that are still used widespreadly on small and medium-sized vessels in China.They have high cost performance and are convenient to use. The monitoring and control system for small and medium-sized vessel based on dual CANBUS has strong function and high reliability.It is able to increase the level of ship automation,improve the navigation safety, reduce production and operating costs,and reduce the crew’s labour intensity. It has a good market prospects and is worth to promote for its high cost performance.更多还原