【作者】 秦筠；

【导师】 李露蕾；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 对于镇江市区方言“n、l不分”的这一特点,已有的研究成果由于理论与方法上存在的一些局限性而显得比较薄弱。本文在传统方言调查的基础上,借鉴语言变异理论和社会语言学的语言调查方法,分两个阶段对镇江市区方言“n、l不分”的这一现象进行调查。在对大量的语音资料进行数据统计后,从语音、语义、语用、说话人的社会参数等多个角度对相关字声母n/l的情况进行分析。然后再将语言调查的结果与中古音、普通话语音及周边地区方言语音情况进行比较研究。我们发现,镇江市区方言中与“n、l不分”有关的字不仅源于古泥母、来母,还有日母以及疑母部分字;从普通话的角度说,是普通话中以n、1、r(■)为声母的字。这些字从总体上说,遵守“l多与开合韵配合,n多与齐撮韵配合;当开口韵为鼻化元音时,与n的结合率显著提高”的语音规律。“年龄”与“受教育水平”是影响声母n/l最明显的两个社会因素。说话人的年龄越大、受教育水平越低(老派发音),对语音规律遵守得越严格;年龄越轻、受教育水平越高(新派发音),在普通话的影响下背离语音规律的情况就越多。出现在一般词汇中的词、相对不常用的词中的目标字比较容易受到普通话的影响而背离原有的方言语音规律。语体不是影响声母n/l的主要因素。所以镇江市区方言所谓“n、l不分”并不是说声母n/l之间毫无规律可循、可以随意混同,而是相对于中古音、相对于普通话而言的,老派发音尤其如此。老派发音比较严格地遵循方言系统内的语音规律,n与l可以算是同一音位下的条件变体;随着时代的发展,普通话的影响逐渐增强,其特点渗透进入镇江方言中,但是还未能完全取代方言的特点。两股力量交织,就使得年轻一代的发音显得有些混乱,方言和普通话的特点并存。从长远来看,普通话的特点有可能会代替方言。更多还原

【Abstract】 As for the confusion of n & l in Zhenjiang urban dialect, the former researches are far from enough because of the limits in theories and methodology. Based on the traditional dialect investigations, we use the theories of language variation and methods of social linguistics to make an investigation into this phenomenon. This investigation includes two parts and has acquired plenty of phonetic data. We analyze these data by phonetic, semantic, stylistic and social factors, and then compare the results with the phonetic system of Middle Ages Chinese, Mandarin Chinese and the dialects of neighboring areas.The results show that, those characters which are relative with the confusion of n & l derive from not only the characters of "nimu" and "laimu", but also some of "rimu" and "yimu"; are those whose initials are n, l, r([?]) in Mandarin Chinese. Generally speaking, the pronunciations of these characters obey the phonetic rule that: l is more likely to be combined with "kaihe vowels’, n is more likely to combined with "qicuo vowels"; if kaihe vowels are nasalized, they are combined with n more often. Age and education are two social factors which influence the initials n/l most obviously. Those who are older and lower-educated are more likely to obey the phonetic rule. Those characters which appear in general vocabulary/relative none frequently-used words are more likely to be influenced by Mandarin Chinese and violate the phonetic rule. Style is not among the main factors which would influence the initials n/l.Therefore, confusion of n & l in Zhenjiang urban dialect doesn’t means totally out of rule, but a phenomenon when the phonetic system of Zhenjiang dialect is compared with that of Middle Ages Chinese and Mandarin Chinese. Old-fashioned pronunciations obey the dialect phonetic rule; n & l can be seen as conditioned variants of the same phoneme. As time goes, the influence of Mandarin Chinese is becoming stronger, but it has not replaced the dialect rule yet. These two powers mingle, which makes the phonetic system of the young generation a little confused. In the long run, the phonetic features of Mandarin Chinese may replace that of Zhenjiang urban dialect.更多还原