【作者】 肖雁青；

【导师】 崔国发；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 自然保护区学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 森林健康评价是当今生态学研究的一个热点问题，如何建立客观和准确的评价体系是该项研究中的难点。本文基于SPSS12.0软件平台，通过相关性检验和主成分分析，从易于获得的生物多样性和森林群落结构数量特征的众多因子中提取出最重要的健康评价指标，然后通过层次分析法(AHP法)获得健康评价指标的权重系数，最终得到评价对象的健康排序和健康得分。应用上述方法，本文利用2000年-2006年调查数据，评价了松山自然保护区最主要的4类植物群系(油松林、蒙古栎林、杨桦林、落叶阔叶混交林)中典型群丛的结构健康情况。本文最终得到以下结果：(1)植物群丛是森林健康评价的基本单位，不能用同一套指标体系和加权值对不同的植物群系中的群丛进行群落结构健康评价；(2)油松林群落结构健康评价的指标为草本层盖度、灌木层盖度、乔木株数等9个指标，评价结果为中华卷柏-达呼里胡枝子-油松群丛健康程度最高，三籽两型豆-太平花-油松群丛的健康得分最低；(3)对于蒙古栎典型群丛结构健康影响最大的指标为simpson多样性指数、灌木层盖度、乔木种类等8个指标，披针叶苔草-大花溲疏-蒙古栎群丛最为健康，披针叶苔草-三裂绣线菊-蒙古栎群丛健康排序最低，但整体上蒙古栎各群丛健康程度相近；(4)对杨桦林典型群丛结构健康影响最大的因子为灌木层密度、更新苗数量、草本层盖度等6个指标，披针叶苔草-美蔷薇-白桦群丛因为有大量更新苗健康评价最高，健康程度最低的为银背风毛菊-牛迭肚-黑桦群丛；(5)对落叶阔叶树混交林而言，进行群落结构健康评价所需依据的指标为乔木株数、草本密度、郁闭度、shannon多样性指数等6个指标，银背风毛菊-毛榛-白桦+黑桦群丛最健康，健康排名最后的是银背风毛菊-多花胡枝子-蒙古栎+大叶白蜡树群丛。更多还原

【Abstract】 Forest health assessment is a hot point in ecological study nowadays, and how to establish an objective and accurate assessment system is the most difficult part. This article used correlation test and Principal component analysis in SPSS 12.0 to find out the most important indexes to forest community structure from mass of easily achieveable biodiversity factors and structure quantitative characters. And then, through AHP method, weight coefficient of health assessment can be calculated. Finally, the health ordering and health grading of forest communities’ structure can be drew out.Using method above, this article appraised typical associations’ structure health within 4 kinds of main formation (including pine forest, Quercus Mongolica Forest, Poplar-Birch Forest, and Deciduous Broad-leaved Mixed Forest) of SongShan nature reserve in the base of data which investigated during 2000 to 2006.This paper got results as follow:(1) Plant association is the basic unit of forest health assessment, and every formation should be appraised by different indexes with different weight;(2) Health assessment indexes for pine forest include 9 indexes, such as grass coverage, shrub coverage, tree number, etc. The result turns out the Association Carex lanceolata -Lespedeza davutica- Pinus tabulaegomis is the most health, and the Association Glycine soja -Philadelphus pekinensis- Pinus tabulaegomis has the lowest score;(3) For Quercus mongolica forest, there are 8 the most important factors to structure health, including simpson index, shrub coverage, tree species, and so on. The Association Carex lanceolata -Deutzia grandiflora- Quercus mongolica is the most health, and the Association Carex lanceolata -Philadelphus pekinensis- Quercus mongolica has the lowest score. But in total, Quercus mongolica associations’ health situation are closely;(4) For poplar - birch forest, there 6 the most important factors to structure health, including shrub coverage, seedling amount, grass coverage, etc. The Association Carex lanceolata -Rosa bella- Betula platyphylla is the most health, and the Association Saussurea nivea-Rubus carataegifolius- Betula dahurica has the lowest score.;(5) For Deciduous Broad-leaved Mixed Associations, there are 6 the most important factors to structure health assessment, such as tree number, grass density, coverage, Shannon diversity index, ect. The most health association is Association Saussurea nivea -Corylus mandshurica- Betula platyphylla+ Betula dahurica, and the lowest is the Association Saussurea nivea-Lespedeza floribunda-Quercus mongolica+ Fraxinus rhynchophylla.更多还原