钢轨超声波自动探伤仪研制

【作者】 李高龙；

【导师】 郭剑毅； 朱宗季；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 控制工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 为了保证铁路运输安全，钢轨在出厂前必须逐一进行全面超声波无损探伤。铁路运输的高速发展，特别是近年来我国高速及重载铁路的发展，对钢轨的产品质量以及检测效率提出了越来越高的要求。为解决传统的钢轨检测方法探头数量少，误判、漏判率高，自动化程度及生产效率低下等问题，满足现代工业的发展和对产品安全性的要求，提出了钢轨超声波自动探伤装置研制课题。本论文主要研究设计该装置的检测及控制系统。论文基于钢轨在线超声波探伤的基本原理与方法，提出了超声波自动探伤仪的总体设计方案，并给出了各部分的技术参数；分析了用于超声波探伤的数据采集原理，提出了数据采集的方法；按照模块化设计思想，将数据的采集、处理、存储打印及控制等模块分开设计，体现系统的松耦合性，便于系统扩展。开发了用于钢轨超声波自动探伤的测控软件。建立了超声回波信号的综合分析处理模型，利用面向对象方法进行信号分析及对象设计，实现了高速数据采集、处理、显示及存储等功能。论文深入研究了基于工业现场的超声波信号的抗干扰方法，针对现场应用过程中的强电磁干扰及外部超声波干扰问题，提出了动态跟踪与识别方法，并在实际应用中取得了较好的效果。现场试验及运行结果表明，测控系统各项指标均能达到钢轨超声波自动的要求，系统运行稳定、可靠。更多还原

【Abstract】 With fast growth of railway transportation incorporating high speed and heavy duty rails, demands for effective inspection of steel rails for quality assurance has become increasingly stringent. Ultrasonic inspection is widely applied by the manufacturers to detect steel rail defects. The present research aims to deliver an automatic control system used for the steel rail automatic inspection system.Based on fundamental principal and method applied in steel rail ultrasonic inspection, general design concept and technical details are proposed for the automatic ultrasonic system integrating data acquisition, processing, saving, printing and control modules which are separately designed for easy expandability.The measurement and control software for the automatic ultrasonic inspection system is developed. A model for comprehensive analysis and process of ultrasonic echo signals is established. In addition, the object oriented method is used to realize high speed data acquisition, process, display and storage. To solve the problem of strong electromagnetic interference and ultrasonic interference from outer sources in field applications, a dynamic tracking and identification technique is successfully applied.Results from field operation show that all indices of measurement and control system can meet the design requirements and whole system is operated in a stable and secure state.更多还原