西部异质型人力资本与后发优势研究

【作者】 羌洲；

【导师】 李岚；

【作者基本信息】 中央民族大学 ， 中国少数民族经济， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 西部发展是关系到扩大内需、促进经济增长、实现社会稳定、缩小东西部已扩大的地区差距，最终实现区域经济协调发展和全面建设小康社会的重要战略部署。从某种意义上来说是要西部充分利用自身特点，发挥“后发优势”。怎样发挥“后发优势?”靠什么发挥西部地区“后发优势”?人力资本是经济增长和经济发展的内生性要素和“引擎”。中国西部地区的经济增长，离不开自然资源的拥有和开发，也离不开科技创新以及财富的不断积累。但是，无论是自然资源开发，还是基础设施兴建，从长远看，要真正实现西部大开发的宏伟目标，根本的一点还是在于西部地区人力资源素质的提高。因此，要发挥西部地区经济“后发优势”，实现西部经济社会跨越式发展，就必须大力实施人力资源开发战略，以人为本，把西部人力资源开发放在优先发展的战略地位。历史的经验证明文化教育水平和生产技能较高的国家，资本吸收能力很强，一旦有大量的物质资本可以利用，经济就很快被推向前进。相反，教育落后、识字率低、劳动者的生产技术和管理水平低下的发展中国家，资本吸收能力差，不能使经济迅速起飞。对西部开发中“后发优势”来说，异质性人力资本不仅决定其内生技术能力，而且决定它对技术的学习能力、吸收能力、操作能力与组合能力，从而也就成为其发挥后发优势的重要条件之一。人力资本是行为主体为了获取未来收益，通过正规学校教育、在职培训、医疗保健、迁徙等多种投资而形成的凝结在人身上的知识、技能、健康等具有边际报酬递增属性的资本的总和。我们把人力资本分成两种类型：异质型人力资本和同质型人力资本。所谓异质型人力资本是具有边际收益递增的人力资本；反之，具有边际收益递减的人力资本称为同质型人力资本。人力资本边际收益的周期性表明，人力资本的边际收益呈现出从缓慢增长→快速增长→递减→直至为零的动态发展变化过程。人类经济增长的历史是一个不断突破边际报酬递减、寻求边际报酬递增生产要素的历史，而异质性人力资本所具有的边际收益递增属性，使得异质性人力资本而非一般的人力资本成为经济增长的源泉。异质型人力资本是本文分析的一个基石。历史和现实的经验表明，人力资本在经济增长中发挥着重要作用。正是基于这种认识，在我国西部经济加速发展之时，有必要研究异质型人力资本在西部经济增长中的作用，为西部经济在后发优势中加快人力资本积累和智力依托提出指导意见。更多还原

【Abstract】 Developing in the western part is to be related to important strategic plan expanding domestic needs , stimulating economic growth , realizing social stability , reducing the area gap that the thing part already expands , realizing coordinated development of regional economies and building an overall well-to-do society ultimately. That significance comes up kind from some speaking is to ask western part to bring self s resource into play , advocates making use of a gap to close the gap , "sends out advantage after" bringing into full play.Why brings "the queen into play sending out advantage "? Depend on sending out advantage after what brings western region "into play"? Human capital is endogenous key element and "engine" that economic growth and economy develop. Chinese western region economic growth, owning being unable to be seprated from natural resources and ceaselessness developing , also being unable to be seprated from the new idea in science and technology and wealth accumulate. But, disregarding being natural resources exploitation , it is more long-term infrastructural facilities builds , complies with, want the grand goal realizing West Development really, basic little the rise still lying in western region human resources quality. "Send out advantage after"therefore, needing to bring western part regional economies into play , realize western part economy society great-leap-forward development , right away be obliged to energetically put development of human resources strategy into practice , people-oriented, development of human resources readjusts oneself to a certain extent with western part in strategic priority for development.The history experience testifies culture and education and the highercountry of production skills , capital sorption is very capable, once the material capital having a great quantity is not bad make use of, economy is marched forward right away very quickly quilt pushing. Antagonism , education fall behind , learn a word rate hangs down , labourer’s technology and the absorbing ability managing low level developing country , capital dispatch, can not make economy prompt hopping off. To coming to say "the queen sends out advantage in" development of western region not only heterogeneity human capital decide whose endogenous technology ability , but also the ability deciding its learning ability , absorbing ability to the technology , handling the ability and combination, becomes whose one of the important condition bringing the queen into play sending out advantage thereby also right away.Human capital is that the behavior main body take form to gain future avails , pass various investment such as formal school education , in-service training , healthcare , migration congeal the sums having attribute capital of marginal return ascending such as knowledge , technical ability , health on person. We divide human capital into two kinds types: Heterogeneous medium type human capital and same quality type human capital. So-called heterogeneous medium type human capital is to have the human capital that the incremental revenue increases; Whereas, having an incremental revenue degressive human capital is called same quality type human capital. Human capital incremental revenue cyclicity indicates the development that the fleetness increases-> from increasing by-> slowly until the lapse-> being zero , the human capital incremental revenue displays to develop change process. Human being economic growth history is a history breaking the marginal return lapse unceasingly, exploring marginal return ascending essential productive factors, but bound increasing returns attribute had byheterogeneity human capital, feasible heterogeneity human capital but mistake-like human capital becomes the economic growth wellhead.Heterogeneous medium type human capital is the main body of a book a analytical foundation stone. History and real experience are indicated, human capital is bringing the important effect into play in economic growth. Exactly be a cognition owing to this, during the period of economy speeds up developing in our country the western part, effect in being necessary in western part economic growth studying heterogeneous medium type human capital, suggest that for economy accelerates manpower accumulation of capital and intelligence backing in the western part in sending out a grave the day after tomorrow guiding an idea.更多还原