【作者】 李翠艳；

【导师】 邹龙庆；

【作者基本信息】 大庆石油学院 ， 机械设计及理论， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,K形井架的优势被越来越多的用户所认识,自升式底座也正逐渐取代其它类型的底座,如层箱式、箱块式底座等。本文研究的双升式钻机井架及其底座就是由K形井架及自升式底座组成,它的突出特点是井架支于底座之上,在初始位置,井架及底座折叠在一起,能实现钻井设备的低位安装,整体起升,并具有安装、运输方便,投入使用快捷的优点。本课题在现有研究基础上,与工程实际紧密结合,通过对双升式井架及底座整体的静、动态特性研究,寻找薄弱环节和安全隐患,以期为现场钻井作业提供理论规范,避免现场钻井事故的发生,进一步丰富、完善和发展井架及底座结构分析理论。按照双升式钻机井架及其底座的实际结构特点,建立有限元模型,运用ANSYS有限元软件按三种工况对其进行静态分析,得出在给定载荷作用时的应力和位移。模态分析作为结构动力特性研究的一种近代方法,逐渐成为现代工程领域动态分析与设计的核心,它所决定的结构固有频率和振型,正是结构承受动态载荷结构设计中的重要参数,故而成为其他诸如瞬态分析等动力学分析的起点。本文利用有限元方法完成了钻机井架及其底座的模态分析,获得前十阶固有频率和振型,观察计算位移与等效应力,得到井架及其底座的振动特性。本文重点实现了钻机井架及其底座瞬态动力学分析。通过到现场进行数据采集,获得了大钩的载荷值,以大钩载荷为统计变量,建立对数正态分布模型,以离散的统计特征值来代替连续的实际载荷历程,编制得到动态研究所用的试验用程序载荷谱。完成了井架及其底座在正常工作状态下的瞬态动力学分析,寻找到各个方向的时间响应变化规律。更多还原

【Abstract】 Current years, the advantages of K-derrick are accepted by more and more users, self elevating substructure is also replacing others, such as box on box , raised floor substructure and so on. The derrick and substructure in the thesis are made up of K-derrick and self elevating substructure. Its prominent characteristic is that the derrick is placed on the substructure. It can install at low place and elevate all together because derrick and substructure can be puckered at primary place. In addition, it has the merits of convenient installation, transportation and quick use. The thesis is considered project practice full at the base of existing study and studys static and dynamic characteristics of double elevating drilling rig derrick and substructure. The aim of the thesis are to search weak places and hidden troubles, to supply academic criterions for drilling well tasks, to avoid accident happening and to develop analysis theory of derrick and substructure.Finite element model is built according to the actual structure of double elevating derrick and substructure and is carried on static analysis according to three kind of work situations using the finite element software ANSYS to obtain the stresses and displacements. Modal analysis is one of new ways on dynamic characteristic researchs, and now becomes the core of dynamic analysis and design in modern engineering. Natural frequencies and modes of vibration of structure resulted from modal analysis are the important parameters on dynamic design of structure. So it is the start of all dynamic analysises as transient analysis. This thesis completes the mode analysis of rig derrick and substructure by the finite element software, getting the free frequencies of preceding 10 steps and vibration modes. Observing displacements and stresses, we get their vibrational characteristics.The thesis mainly completes the transient analysis and dynamic response calculation. It obtains the datas of drilling well places for many times in order to get the value of hook loads and establishes the modal of logarithmic normal distribution at hook loads as statiscic variables. The thesis establishes the load spectrum in programme of dynamic study. It completes transient analysis at normal work state and gets the rules of time responses in different orientation.更多还原