【作者】 盛艳；

【导师】 路晴；

【作者基本信息】 大连医科大学 ， 儿科学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 目的生物—心理—社会医学模式已得到了普遍认同,心理因素在疾病的发生、发展过程中起着不可忽视的作用。现代心理学一般认为,气质主要是生物学决定的相当稳定而持久的心理特征。每个儿童都有自己不同的气质,通过气质测评可以了解儿童的个性心理特征。近几年来,人们对气质进行了广泛的研究,主要集中在儿童气质特征与行为问题及影响因素等的相关分析上。由于在临床上重视不多,很少与疾病的诊断和治疗相结合。小儿反复呼吸道感染是儿童在临床上的常见病。其病因复杂,往往是多种因素的共同作用引起的。为此,我们从儿童的心理角度着手,做了儿童气质特征与反复呼吸道感染的相关性研究,来探讨不同儿童气质类型发生反复呼吸道感染比例的差异,找出气质对引起反复呼吸道感染的相关因素的影响。为更人性化治疗反复呼吸道感染提供参考依据。方法随机选取大连市某幼儿园4-5岁儿童进行问卷调查,留取112份有效问卷进行研究。气质分析采用《NYLS 3-7岁儿童气质问卷》[1] ,事先向家长解释填写方法及注意事项,由和儿童一起生活的知情家长填写。气质类型的划分依据儿童各气质纬度的得分高低,划出三种气质类型,即易养型、中间型和难养型。反复呼吸道感染的儿童诊断亦采用问卷形式,根据儿童近几年每年患上呼吸道感染和下呼吸道感染的次数,依据全国小儿呼吸道疾病学术会议上提出的儿童反复呼吸道感染诊断标准进行诊断[2]。将该样本儿童分为反复呼吸道感染组和非反复呼吸道感染组。结果1、由气质划分的易养型、中间型、难养型三种类型儿童在活动水平、趋避性、适应度、反应强度、情绪本质、坚持度、注意力分散度、反应阈上存在显著差异(P<0.05)。2、与其他两种类型儿童相比难养型儿童患反复呼吸道感染比例高,差异有显著性(X2=6.743,P=0.034)。3、反复呼吸道感染的儿童中难养型数量较多。4、气质的9个维度因子对反复呼吸道感染影响的多因素Logistic回归分析提示:反应强度是反复呼吸道感染的危险因子。结论1、难养型气质儿童患反复呼吸道感染的几率较其他类型儿童高。2、气质维度中的反应强度是让儿童暴露于引起反复呼吸道感染的相关因素的危险因子。3、对反复呼吸道感染儿童的气质进行分析,有助于了解其心理特征,为诊断、干预、治疗提供依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: Biopsychosocial medical model has been identified generally. Psychological factors have important effects on occurring and developing of the diseases. Contemporary psychology believes generally that temperament is stable, durable mental characteristic determined by biology. Every child has his special temperament. We can learn the children’s personal characteristic of mentality by the temperament test. Recently, people have studied the temperament widely. The study is mainly focus on the analysis of the relation between the character of temperament and behavior or the factors that affect the temperament. Because being paid great attention to a little, it is combined with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases fewer. Repeatedly respiratory infection of children is common disease in clinic. The causes of RRI are complicated which are composed by many factors. Therefore we study the relationship of children’s temperament characteristic and RRI from mental point of view as well as analyzing the different ratio among the different children who suffer from RRI, to find the influence that the temperament affect the factors which cause RRI. A reference basis can be provided for humanistic treatment of RRI .Methods: 112 questionnaires were chosen to be studied from some 4-5 years old preschool children’s in Dalian. Temperament questionnaires were used respectively for children aged 3-7 years old. In advance, we explained the instructions and attentions to the parents who have lived with their children when filled in these forms. According to the scores of different dimensionality, easy temperament, intermediate temperament and difficult temperament are classified. Questionnaires were also used todiagnose RRI. Children who suffers from upper respiratory tract diseases and lower respiratory tract diseases every year are diagnosed RRI according to the diagnostic standard brought up in Children Respiratory Tract Disease Academic Conference .Then these children are divided into RRI group and not RRI group.Result : 1. The easy temperament, intermediate temperament and difficult temperament groups classified by temperament showed a great difference in their activity level, approach withdrawal, adaptability, intensity of reaction, mood, persistence , distraction and threshold of reaction (p<0.05). 2. The proportion of difficulty type that were made a diagnosis of RRI is higher than others and shows a great difference (x2=6.743,p=0.034). 3. The numbers of difficult are the most in children of RRI. 4. Logistic Regression analysis showed that the intensity of reaction had effect on RRI .Conclusion : 1. Children of difficult type suffered from RRI are more than other types. 2. The intensity of reaction is a dangerous factor which makes children to be exposed to elements that cause RRI. 3. It is useful for children’s characteristic of mentality to analyse the temperament of the children suffered from RRI, hereby to provide a reference basis for diagnosis, interference and treatment .更多还原