【作者】 张志民；

【导师】 李国民；

【作者基本信息】 中国地质大学（北京） ， 地质工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 为了解决化探取样和环境取样在交通不便,缺水地区的实际问题,中国地质大学(北京)科学钻探国家专业实验室设立了浅层轻型取样机具研究开放课题。本论文就是依托此开放课题完成的。国内外在轻便钻机和钻具的研究上差距很大,如Mitcham公司的MK系列钻机、荷兰Eijkelkamp公司的取样器等居于世界领先水平。轻便快速振动冲击取样机具的研制可使国内的取样机具更加专门化,填补国内化探取样及环境取样中浅孔轻型取样机具研究的空白,解决化探取样和环境取样在特殊条件下的生产问题。波动理论是研究有杆形部件的冲击机械系统理论问题的有效方法。论文在波动理论分析基础上,建立了振动冲击取样系统力学模型。通过分析一维弹性杆波动方程及其数值解,研究了激振器与钻杆撞击时应力波的产生、传播以及该应力波对振动冲击取样过程的影响。认为与弹性杆等波阻的细长状激振器能够产生理想的应力波波形,据此对激振器的形状进行了设计;把激振器、钻杆和取样器、土层工作介质综合为冲击取样系统,并对其进行波动力学分析,在弹性介质和塑性介质的情况下,分析了振动冲击取样系统的最优应力波波形,对粘塑性工作介质模型而言,矩形波是理想的应力波。在上述波动理论分析的基础上,根据化探取样和环境取样对所取样品的要求并结合我国浅层轻型取样机具研究现状,设计了轻便取样钻具,它主要包括带弹卡定位键的钻杆、内衬半合管取样器。弹卡定位键即可以实现顶端冲击,又可以实现潜孔冲击,增大了深层取样的能力;设计的内衬半合管取样器解决了野外退样难的问题,又减轻了对样品的扰动;设计的单桅杆式机架和液压油缸起拔器,解决了小型钻机起拔能力不足的问题;同时设计了手动冲锤等配套机具,使整套机具重量轻、结构简单、组装拆卸方便,便于野外频繁移动。振动冲击取样机具的主要优点为钻进速度快,特别适合取样数量多、孔位分散的取样作业;一次可完成较大的贯入深度,并能获取连续、完整的岩芯(而其他钻机往往需要用多个回次完成) ;取芯直径较大,满足试验对样品的要求;工作消耗低、操作简便、灵活;适用范围广。通过取样试验和生产使用表明,振动冲击取样机具可以满足浅层松散地层的化探取样及环境取样的要求。同时编写了冲击取样钻进工艺规范,对取样机具的应用有很强的指导作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 For resolving the actual problems of chemical exploration sampling and environmental sampling in the transportation inconvenience and water shortage region, the national lab on scientific drilling (NLSD) of China University of Geosciences (Peking) establishes the research open topic of shallow and light sampling tools. This thesis relies on this open topic. The margin is very big in research on easy and convenient rigs and drilling tools in domestic and outside, such as the MK series of rigs in the Mitcham Company and the sampling tools of EiJkelkamp Company in Holland are on the top in the world. The develop of portable and quick vibration impact sampling tools can make the local sampling tools more specialized , fill up the research blank in shallow bore portable sampling tools of chemical exploration sampling and environmental sampling in domestic and resolve the production problems under the special condition of chemical exploration sampling and environmental sampling.The wave theory is the valid method to research the impact machine system with pole parts. Basis on the analysis of the wave theory, the thesis builds up the mechanics model of a vibration and impact sampling system. Through the analysis of one-dimension flexible pole wave equation and numerical solution, this paper studies the produce and spread of stress wave when the vibration generator and drill pipe impact, and the stress wave’s influence on the process of vibration impact sampling. It’s thought that the thin and long vibration generator can produce ideal stress wave shape. So the vibration generator’s shape is designed. The vibration generator, drill pipe, sampler and soil medium are synthesized impact sampling system. It’s carried on wave dynamics analysis. Under the flexibility medium and plasticity medium condition, it analyzes the superior stress wave shape of vibration impact sampling system. For viscous plastic medium model, the rectangle wave is the ideal stress wave.On the foundation of above wave theory analysis, according to the demands of chemical sampling and environmental sampling and the research actuality of shallow and light sampling tools in our country, the portable and quick sampling tools are designed. It mainly includes drill pipe with flip clip fixed position key and the inner liner half close tube sampler. Flip clip fixed position key can carry out the top impact and the down-hole impact, which enlarges the ability of deep sampling; The inner liner half close tube sampler resolves the problem of the difficulty of extraction sample and lightens the disturb of the sample; Thesingle mast rack and the hydraulic cylinder pulley resolve the pull ability shortage problem of small rig; The manual hammer etc. is simultaneity designed, which make the whole set tools light weight, simple structure, convenient assemble to dismantle to unload, easy frequent removal in open country.The main advantages of vibration impact sampling tools are quick speed, which especially suits the large quantity sampling and the dispersion bore; It has deeper penetration per time, and can obtain continuous and integrate core; (but other drills usually need many round trips to complete); It can obtain bigger diameter core, satisfying the demand of the experiment on the sample; It has low consume, simple and flexible operation; It has wide application.The sampling experiment and the operating use show that vibration impact sample tools can satisfy the demand of chemical sampling and environmental sampling in shallow and lax strata. Drill technology norm of impact sample is compiled in the meantime, which has a very strong instructive function in the application of sampling tools.更多还原