【作者】 吴向阳；

【导师】 胡伍生；

【作者基本信息】 东南大学 ， 交通规划与管理， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 近几年来,随着国民经济的快速增长,我国基础设施建设不断加大投入,公路建设得到突飞猛进的发展,尤其是大批的现代高等级公路建设项目陆续上马。这些现代的高等级公路勘测相对于以往的传统公路勘测,具有线路更长、精度要求更高、时间要求更紧,数据要求共享等一系列特点,需要我们加大公路勘测设计和施工建设方面的科技含量,提高公路作业的现代化水平。GPS技术应用于公路勘测是公路建设领域的一项重大技术革命,其应用前景十分广阔。本文主要研究了在现代公路勘测中,利用GPS静态相对定位技术建立高精度的公路三维基础控制网,以及利用GPS实时动态定位技术进行高精度的实时定位与快速放样等一整套关键技术,并结合公路勘测工程实例进行了分析验证。针对公路GPS网投影变形超限这一普遍问题,提出了应根据公路的走向、长度等实际情况,选择基于高斯投影的局部坐标系统解决方案和基于兰勃特投影的解决方案;针对公路GPS网中容易出现的公共点不兼容问题,提出了基于二维约束平差方案的公共点检验方法;通过对公路GPS网高程拟合模型的分析,提出了动态加权拟合算法,以改善拟合精度;并对RTK测量的作业方式以及地方化转换参数的选取进行了研究,提出了在公路工程中应灵活地选用各种作业方式,分段动态更新地方化转换参数,并综合运用多种检核方法,实现RTK测量成果的全面质量控制。最后对公路勘测一体化问题,提出了较为具体的实施方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 These years, with our national economy and the investment in basal establishment construct increasing, the highway has been developed rapidly, and many modern high-grade highways have being built in recent years. The survey of these highways has many characters such as longer line, higher precision, short time and data sharing, .etc. So, we should add more technology content to the survey, design and construction of the highway to improve the modern level of highway’s construction.The application of GPS to highway survey is a great technological revolution, and its foreground is very wide. This paper studies mainly using static relative position of GPS to build highly precise three-dimensional control network of highway and using real-time kinematic position of GPS to locate and layout quickly. At the same time, it combines examples of highway survey to analyze and validate. Aiming at the universal problem that GPS net projection distortion goes beyond the limits, this paper brings forward that we should adopt the regional coordinate system based Gauss Projection and Lambert Projection according to tending towards and length. In allusion to the problem that public points are not compatible in GPS net of highway, the paper advances the test method using public points based two-dimensional restrict adjustment. By analysis of the height simulation model of GPS net, the paper brings out dynamic adding power simulation arithmetic to improve precision. The methods of RTK surveying and choosing of regional transform parameters are studied. It puts forward that various methods should be chose neatly in highway projects, and regional transform parameters should be updated dynamically in subsection, and multifarious test methods should be applied synthetically to achieve full-scale quality control of RTK result. Finally, the paper advances concrete scheme about integration of highway survey.更多还原