【作者】 张洁；

【导师】 韩立新；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 国际法学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 我国2001年实施的《国际海运条例》虽然没有明确提出无船承运人的法律概念，但是详细地规定了无船承运人的法律地位、业务范畴、准入条件等，使得无船承运业务这种由来已久的原属货运代理人的传统业务另外确立了独立的法律门槛，形成了独立的无船承运人制度。但是，无船承运人在海运及司法实践中还存在着许多问题。其中最为关键的几个问题包括无船承运人的法律地位、无单放货及与此相关的保证金制度。本文主要是根据《国际海运条例》及其《实施细则》等法律法规，研究了无船承运人的相关问题。本文共分三章： 第一章是对无船承运人的界定和特征的分析。通过货运代理人的产生背景和发展阶段，介绍了无船承运人的发展背景和阶段，并通过分析无船承运人与货运代理人的冲突及对货运代理业的冲击，推导出了无船承运人的概念和特征。 第二章从无船承运人行政管理的角度，探讨了保证金的权利归属；保证金的划拨执行权，提出应当由法院执行保证金的划拨执行权及无船承运人破产时保证金的处置；并且还探讨了无船承运人提单登记制度。 第三章从无船承运人民事责任制度的角度，研究了无船承运人无单放货所应当承担的民事责任。此章从无船承运人提单入手，提出了无船承运人无单放货存在的情况：因提单流转不当产生的无单放货和通过议付提单无单放货，由此引出了无船承运人与实际承运人的责任分担并且总结分析了无船承运人无单放货的相关对策。 虽然理论界和审判实践界就无船承运人的相关问题展开了持续的研究和讨论，但是无船承运人的行政管理方面和民事责任方面还存在着诸多问题。本文通过对无船承运人行政和民事中几个问题的阐述，提出了自己的观点和看法。希望本文的研究能对无船承运人在理论和实践中所存在的问题的解决有所帮助，并且希望本文引起各专家学者对无船承运人相关问题的更多讨论和关注，对我国海运市场安全、有序、健康的发展不无裨益。更多还原

【Abstract】 Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on International Maritime Transportation (hereinafter referred to as the Maritime Transportation Regulations) promulgated on 2001, at the time of promulgating , the Regulation did not clearly define the concept of Non-vessel operating common carriers (NVOCC), but it clarified in details for the NVOCC from the position in law ,the operating limitations and the conditions of entry ,since that, the NVOCC was segregated from the tradtional shipping service and formed an independent system from the perspective of the national legal system. However, there are some considerations for the NVOCC combined with the traditional forwarding service and the judicatory in the real practice, the most significant problems which considered by people are the NVOCC’s position in law, the delivery of goods without original B/L (bill of lading) and the security deposit system of NVOCC. This article was accomplished through analysis those considerations combined with Maritime Transportation Regulations and so on .This article was divided into three chapters.The first chapter focus on the characteristics of the NVOCC and the way of drawing its definition . The NVOCC used to be a field of traditional shipping service, such as the freight agency, so the way of developing of NVOCC is strongly influenced by the background and the development of the traditional shipping service, through comparing the differences and the conflicts which existed between them, the concept of NVOCC was formed.The second chapter discussed the classification of the security deposit system of NVOCC from the perspective of general administration. Concerning the rights of executing the security deposit system, the article asserts those rights should be reserved by the court in case of necessary, such as the rights of destributing the deposit under the situation of bankruptcy, this chapter also discussed the necessaries of the registering of the B/L, and the validity of the contract in case of non-registered.The thrid chapter carried out from the liabilities for tort of NVOCC under the situations of delivering goods without the original B/L, illustrating the differant levelsof liabilities could be taken in the different cases, such as the liability formed by the NVOCC under the situation of invalid B/L. At last, this chapter briefly comment the level of liabilities that could be assumed by the real carrier and the NVOCC, as well as the policies that against the delivery goods without original B/L for the NVOCC.The problems related to the NVOCC are still discussing and studying by people in both theory and practice, specially in the areas of the general administration and the liability for tort. Because the problems related to the NVOCC are actually existing and the ways of solving are vary, the recommendations are given for the particular problem in each chapter through the whole article, the more discussing and studying of NVOCC by people, the greater benefits will contributes to the maritime field for our country.更多还原