【作者】 吴蔚；

【导师】 张维然；

【作者基本信息】 同济大学 ， 技术经济及管理， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 改革开放以来，进出口的增长推动了我国产品认证工作的发展。产品认证对国民经济的影响力也在不断地增强，成为企业保证产品质量、提高市场竞争力的有效手段。但在现阶段还存在一些问题争待解决。同时，技术性贸易壁垒使得我国外贸出口损失巨大。因此，如何发展我国产品认证来应对技术性贸易壁垒的对策研究，显得非常必要、重要和急迫，对于我国能否顺利迈向新时期的快速发展之路具有积极而重要的现实意义。本文研究的主要目的为：廓清产品认证和WTO-TBT技术性贸易壁垒的内涵；对世界各国产品认证进行比较，总结国外产品认证发展模式，为我国进一步发展产品认证提供经验、教训和启示；系统总结中国的产品认证的发展阶段及存在的问题；；分析产品认证与技术性贸易壁垒各自的作用，特别是对我国贸易的影响程度和应对措施，揭示两者的有机互动的关系；提出在政府、认证机构和企业三个层面上如何采取措施应对技术性贸易壁垒。论文研究的主要工作是首先对产品认证的基本概况进行了梳理，内容包括认证的定义、产品认证的内涵、产品认证的模式以及产品认证产生的背景。随之，论文介绍了WTO-TBT技术性贸易壁垒的相关情况并予以了分析，包括关于WTO-TBT技术贸易壁垒的描述以及WTO国际贸易纠纷综合情况。其次，论文对主要发达国家产品认证的进行了比较研究，包括主要发达国家的产品认证发展历史、主要发达国家现阶段采取的产品认证制度、认证机构诚信度是建立产品认证公信力的保证和前提以及认证机构认知度是建立产品认证公信力的关键。再次，论文评述了我国产品认证的发展阶段，包括我国产品认证的四个发展阶段和演变历程、我国产品认证存在的主要问题分析以及我国产品认证水平不适应外贸发展的需要。接着，论文揭示了产品认证与技术性贸易壁垒的互动作用，包括产品认证的作用、技术贸易壁垒的作用、技术性贸易壁垒对我国贸易的影响分析以及提高产品认证水平是突破技术性贸易壁垒的战略举措。最后论文提出了发展产品认证应对技术壁垒的对策，包括政府层面应采取的对策、认证机构层面应采取的对策以及企业层面应采取的对策。论文在分析比较国外产品认证发展模式、总结我国产品认证发展阶段、揭示产品认证与技术性贸易壁垒之间的互动关系等方面所做的研究，以及提出的对策措施。这些工作从理论上将进一步丰富认证行业的文献内容。在实践方面，对我国健康持续地发展产品认证事业，并将之合理利用于应对技术性贸易壁垒，起到积极的参考、借鉴作用。这也是论文研究的意义所在。论文观点鲜明地对国际认证的发展进行了总结、对我国认证的历程进行了梳理并明确了其中存在的问题、从产品认证的角度来解读技术性贸易壁垒的实质以及系统地提出政府、认证机构、企业三个层面上的如何通过发展产品认证来应对技术性贸易壁垒的措施。并且提升产品认证作为技术性贸易壁垒的双重性。在目前我国认证认可体制逐步与世界成熟制度融合后，站在世界经贸大国的角度，从双边平等的角度出发，逐步从关注出口、打破他国技术壁垒的立场，向建立我国完善的技术保护体系迈进了一大步。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the reform and opening up, the growth in import & export has boosted the development of China’s product certification, which also brings increasingly influence on national economy, so that it has become the useful method to guarantee the quality of product and enhance competitiveness in the market. However, at the present stage, some problems are not yet settled. Also, China suffers from great losses in export trade due to technical trade barrier. Therefore, it shall be necessary, important and urgent to develop China’s product certification so as to answer the technical trade barrier readily.In this way, it should be positive to beef up China’s development in the future.The main purpose of this essay is to define the connotation of product certification. We should make the product certification-related comparison among the countries around the world and make an overall analysis on the status quo of WTO-TBT technical trade barriers worldwide , so as to conclude the development mode thereof in foreign countries, so that experiences, lessons and inspiration concerning the product certification could be further provided for China’s development. We should give a summary on the conditions concerning the development of China’s product certification as well as the problems existed and and the influence from both product certification and technical trade barrier, especially the effect on China’s trade field and relevant solution, so as to reveal interactive relation between the two aspects. In addition, we should take government, certification organization and enterprise into account as seeking the solutions to answer the technical trade barrier.Firstly, the essay should sort out the profile of production certification, including the definition, connotation, mode and the background concerning the product certification. And , the essay introduces the data concerning WTO-TBT-related technical trade barrier, including the description of WTO-TBT-related technical trade barrier and overall circumstance relevant to WTO trade disputes. Secondly, product certification-related comparison for major developed countries shall be carried out, including history and existing system of the product certification in major developed countries. Creditworthiness of certification organization should be the guarantee and prerequisite for the establishment of product certification authority, while certification organization brand shall be the key point for the establishment thereof.Thirdly, the essay evaluates on the status quo of China’s product certification, including four development phases for China’s product certification and evolvement thereof as well as the analysis on the product certification-related problems and the gap between China’s product certification level and foreign trade development.Fourthly, the essay reveals the interactive relations between product certification and technical trade barrier, including the influence of product certification and technical trade barrier as well as analysis on influence of technical trade barrier upon China’s trade and strategy to improve the product certification level so as to break through the technical trade barrier.Lastly, the essay brings up the solution to technical barrier via the development of product certification, including countermeasures adopted respectively by the government, certification organization and the enterprise.As compared with the development mode of product certification in foreign countries, this essay summarizes the status quo of China’s product certification and reveals the interactive relation between product certification and technical trade barrier as well as brings up relevant countermeasures. Such procedures shall further enrich the documents concerning the product certification industry in the aspect of theory. In the aspect of practice, it could be used for reference as China intends to develop the product certification soundly and continuously and break through the technical trade barrier via product certification. The above purpose shall be reason for this essay’s formulation.The essay clearly concludes the development of international certification and sort out the problems existed in the course of China’s certification, so as to interpret the substance of technical trade barrier from the point of product certification as well as the measures adopted by government, certification organization and enterprise to be against the technical trade barrier via the development of product certification. Also, product certification is raised as the dual nature of technical trade barrier. With the gradually integration of China’s certification system and that in the world, China, an economic power, shall pay close attention to export and break through the technical trade barrier from other countries step by step on the basis of bilateral equality, so as to stride forward the establishment of perfect technical protection system.更多还原