【作者】 孔华；

【导师】 张鹤飞；

【作者基本信息】 西北工业大学 ， 制冷及低温工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着武器装备的更新换代，现代航空飞行对后勤保障提出了更高的要求。航空用氧作为航空兵后勤保障的重要组成部分，对圆满完成飞行、作战、训练任务具有重要的意义。 鉴于使用氧气的高空特殊环境，为了防止氧气中的微量水分冻结机载储氧设备管路，航空用氧的纯度要求较高。现役航空用氧生产装备采用深冷法的基本原理，流程复杂、故障率高、可操作性差，很难适应航空兵部队的发展形势和精确化保障的需要。另外，在小型制氧装置中，深冷法的设备投资较大，导致氧气成本过高。为了解决航空用氧的保障难题，亟待研制流程简单、可操作性强的新型制氧装置。 20世纪90年代变压吸附分离空气制取富氧的工艺已经得到广泛应用，其生产规模小至医用制氧机，大至工业用富氧生产的中等装置。膜法富氧技术与传统的深冷法和变压吸附法相比，在获得中等氧含量的空气方面，具有设备简单、操作方便、投资少、费用低等特点，这些特点使得膜法制取工业用富氧变得切实可行。但是，由于种种原因，国内的富氧膜技术的推广极为缓慢，无论在富氧膜材料、产品性能、装置类型还是在富氧膜装置的工业应用方面都与国外先进水平存在很大的差距。 本文以膜分离和变压吸附为理论基础，选取了适合制氧的膜组件和分子筛，确定了空气经膜分离制得富氧，再进入分子筛纯化系统制得高纯氧的流程，研制了膜和分子筛联合制氧装置。通过对装置进行试验，分析了压力、温度、流量等因素对膜分离和变压吸附制得氧气纯度的影响，为装置的进一步改进提供了依据。该装置的创新点是将膜和分子筛组合成制取高纯度氧气的系统，兼有膜分离和变压吸附的优点，具有启动时间短、可操作性强的特点，能达到制取高纯度氧气的目的，能够满足航空用氧的需要，具有较好的军事效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development and update of weapon and equipment, aviation flight puts forward higher demand for logistics support. As an essential part of logistics support, aerial oxygen has significance to put across flight, fight and training.Considering the high altitude of oxygen use and in case that the trace water in oxygen may freeze the pipe, oxygen for aviation use requires the purity be high. The active service aviation oxygen is produced by cryogenic distillation, which cannot meet the demand of air force development and accurate support due to its complex process, high breakdown rate and poor operability. In addition, large investment in small scale oxygen production equipment leads to a high oxygen cost. To solve the problem, new oxygen production device with simple process and high operability is in need.In 1990s, pressure swing adsorption was widely used from small scale oxygen production in medical use to large scale in industry. Compared with cryogenic distillation and pressure swing adsorption, membrane penetration is characterized by simple device, easy operability, low investment and low cost in producing oxygen of medium quality.However, due to various reasons, domestic membrane penetration device develops slowly and falls far behind the advanced levels abroad whether in materials, performance or installation types.Based on the theory of membrane penetration and pressure swing adsorption, this article chooses membrane module and molecular sieve suitable for producing oxygen, fixing the process that enriched oxygen is obtained through membrane penetration and then through molecular sieve system to make oxygen of high purity, and working out an oxygen production device combining membrane and molecular sieve. Trial use of the device helps analyze such factors as pressure, temperature, and discharge that will affect the purity of the oxygen, and provides proof of improvement. The advantage of the device is that it combines membrane with molecular sieve and works out a system of getting oxygen of high purity. It also shares the good points of membran(?) penetration and pressure swing adsorption characterized by quick start, high operability. The device更多还原