【作者】 苏文涛；

【导师】 邱宏安；

【作者基本信息】 西北工业大学 ， 水声工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 矢量水听器较传统的声压水听器有诸多优势，它可以空间共点、同步测量声压和质点振速的各正交分量，从而得到含有声源强度信息和方位信息的声强矢量。矢量水听器比传统的声压水听器可以测量得到更全面的声场信息，为改善传统水声测量或探测设备的性能，解决实际的水声问题拓展了新的思路，因此矢量水听器成为阵列处理领域较为活跃的研究方向之一。 本论文从矢量水听器本身所具有的特点出发，介绍了单个矢量水听器的波束形成，以此为基础深入研究了矢量水听器阵窄带和宽带恒定束宽波束形成，并在硬件上对此进行了实现。 全文的主要内容如下： 1 对矢量水听器的分类进行了讨论，详细介绍了同振式矢量水听器和压差式矢量水听器的结构和工作原理，并推导了两种矢量水听器目标水平方位角和俯仰角的计算公式。 2 根据矢量水听器所具有的特点，深入研究了矢量水听器窄带波束形成。首先分析了单个矢量水听器接收信号模型及其在不同声压、振速组合下的波束形成；接着详细讨论了矢量水听器阵列的窄带波束形成，给出了任意阵的接收信号模型，并详细研究了不同组合下的阵列波束形成。最后对矢量水听器和常规声压水听器的波束形成作了仿真对比，并加入信号进行了验证，得出矢量水听器阵的波束宽度、旁瓣级和阵增益都优于常规声压水听器阵。 3 研究了矢量水听器宽带波束形成，详细讨论了基于DC加权的均匀线列阵宽带恒定束宽波束形成(先设计离散频率点上的恒定束宽加权，再设计FIR滤波器拟合这些离散频率上恒定束宽所表示的幅相响应，从而完成时域恒定束宽波束形成器的设计)；对任意水听器阵列，应用半定规划的优化方法，设计出具有低旁瓣特征的宽带恒定束宽波束形成器。 4 研究矢量水听器阵列宽带恒定束宽波束形成的硬件实现。以DSP处理器为中心围绕工程实现这个重点，提出了系统的总体设计方案，在实现细节上进行了更多还原

【Abstract】 Vector sensor has many advantages compared with the pressure hydrophone. And it can co-locately, simultaneously measure pressure and particle velocity, accordingly, acoustic intensity vector is obtained using those information, which consists of intensity and direction of sources. Vector sensor gains more sound field information than traditional pressure hydrophone, so it opens a new eye on improving the capability of acoustic measurement and resolving actual acoustic problems. Therefore, vector sensor becomes a hot topic in domain of array processing.In this thesis, we study thoroughly narrowband and wideband constant beamwidth beamforming based on beamforming of single vector sensor. Moreover, we accomplish the application on hardware.The main content is outlined as follows:1 Discussed the classification of vector sensor. The structure and working principle of resonance and pressure gradient vector sensor are introduced, and the calculate formula of the two type vector sensor’s azimuth and elevation are derived.2 Narrowband beamforming is studied thoroughly according to the characteristic of vector sensor. Firstly, analyzing the receiving signal model of single vector sensor and its beamforming under different combination of pressure and particle velocity; then, discussing particularly the narrow beamforming of vector sensor array, proposing the receiving signal model of arbitrary array and studying the beamforming under different combination; at length, by computer simulations, it is shown that vector sensor array is better than traditional pressure sensor on beamwidth、sidelobe level and array gain.3 Wideband beamforming of vector sensor array is studied. For uniform linear array, we discuss particularly the wideband constant beamwidth beamforming based on DC weights; for arbitrary vector sensor array, we design a low-sidelobe wideband constant beamwidth beamforming by an optimizing method using semi-definite programming.4 Designed and realized the hardware of wideband constant beamwidth beamforming. Focused on the DSP processor, we propose the design scheme of the whole system. In realization details, we apply blocking design. Moreover, we describe the function of every block, the device in block and realization in particular.更多还原