基于嵌入式系统的监控组态软件理论模型的研究

【作者】 徐伟华；

【导师】 李迅波；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 精密仪器及机械， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 随着计算机技术的发展，组态软件在控制领域都得到了广泛应用，而且发展迅速。其主要原因在于它能将各种复杂的控制系统，特别是繁重而冗长的编程简单化，使控制技术开发变得简单而高效，大大缩短了产品开发时间。目前，市场上大多数组态软件主要针对通用PC和工业PC，而针对嵌入式操作系统的组态软件却很少。本课题中设计的符合IEC61131-3标准的嵌入式组态控制系统，主要适用于大型机电设备单机系统、实验室环境、智能家居系统等小型嵌入式控制的应用场合。它根据带有操作系统的嵌入式系统的特点，集成了传统小型PLC的强大控制功能，优良的监控功能，实现了控制与监控的无缝结合。按照最新的工业控制标准设计，运用了面向对象的建模技术和面向对象编程语言C++，将图形界面系统和实时数据库系统有机地结合，使此组态软件具有良好的通用性和扩展性，不仅可以实现复杂的工业过程控制，还可以通过扩展功能，使其应用于多种领域。本论文首先分析了基于嵌入式系统的组态控制软件的体系结构，阐述了系统的软硬件平台的基本结构和关键技术的实现。然后重点讨论了实现基于WindowsCE操作系统的控制组态软件的图形界面系统、实时数据库系统、数据交换系统以及运行策略和编译系统，并分别从这四个方面给出了具体实现方案。首先，运用面向对象建模技术和C++语言建立了图形界面系统的对象模型、动态模型和功能模型并给出具体的实现方案。这样建立的用户界面系统不仅具有丰富的绘图功能，能够快速地生成工程界面，而且具有优良的图形对象扩展性能。用户可以利用图形界面系统的绘制功能实现复杂的控制现场画面，并通过图形对象的保存，实现复杂图形的重用，大大减少重复劳动。其次，采用面向对象的数据库技术建立组态软件实时数据库模型和存储方式，解决了应用程序编程语言与数据库查询语言不同而出现的阻抗失配问题，使组态软件生成的应用程序与实时数据库系统能够有机地结合。最后，设计了组态软件系统的I／O模型和控制策略，并给出了脚本编译系统的实现方法。在I／O模型中建立了包括驱动程序、驱动调度程序、驱动程序配置工具、设备配置文件为一体的编译模块，使用户可以将调试成功的应用程序直接下载到目标机运行，而不需要对现有的目标机进行驱动程序编写和重新配置。本论文的工作只是课题组工作的一部分，为更进一步的实现现场总线支持、过程控制监控、复杂控制算法与数学运算、分布式控制和远程监控等高级功能奠定了良好的基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of computer science and technologies, configuration software has been greatly used in the industrial control system and is speedily developing. The primary reason is that it can simplify complicated control system and heavy program, and reduce working hours. Many configuration software mainly apply in common computer and IPC (Industrial Personal Computer), but not in embedded control system.We designed such embedded configuration control system conformed to the international standard IEC611131-3, which chiefly apply in the fields of industrial equipment, lab, smart home system, etc. It integrated the logical control function imitating PLC and the animate picture monitoring function. Due to conform to the new standard, using Object Modeling Technique (OMT) and using C＋＋, the MMI (Man Machine Interface) and the Real-time Data Base System (RTDBS) were integrated together. So the configuration software is good universal and open.The paper discusses the structure of the configuration control system and its hardware and software platform. Then, the paper emphasize how to build the model of MMI, the model of RTDBS, the model of I/O system and the work strategy system, and then give the detailed plan.Firstly, using OMT, we build the object model, the dynamic model and the function model of the MMI and give the detailed plan. Thus the MMI is good expansibility and has a great of pictures, and can make rapidly the control interface. The user can save the picture made by him and reuse the picture in the future.Secondly, we build the RTDBS by using Object Oriented Database Technique and give the plan of save data. We solve the problem by way of using different language in application program and RTDBS, and perfectly integrate the application program and the RTDBS.Lastly, the paper gives the detailed plans of I/O system, control strategy and script compilation units. The model of I/O include device driver, the scheduler of driver, the tool of setting device driver, the file of setting. Without setting the device driver in the embedded system, user can download the application program, which is made by the configuration soft, and can directly run the program.The work of this paper is the part of a whole project, but it is the base of achieving more advanced functions.更多还原