【作者】 倪付燕；

【导师】 陈喜；

【作者基本信息】 河海大学 ， 水文学及水资源， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 岩溶地区地下水资源是维持泉流量、满足工农业生产需求的重要水资源，论文以我国北方岩溶地区小南海泉域地下水为研究对象，建立地下水资源管理模型，对地下水资源管理和泉域生态环境保护具有重要的意义。 本研究以河南省安阳市小南海泉域为例，在分析泉域内水文地质条件及岩溶地下水特点的基础上，利用2002、2003年水文、气象、地下水等实测资料建立了地下水数值模型，利用Visual MODFLOW商业软件对数值模型求解，率定了泉域内水文地质参数，并利用2004、2005年观测资料对模型进一步进行了验证。结果表明，建立的地下水数值模型较为可靠，可以用来模拟和预测泉域地下水动态及泉流量变化。 在模型参数率定及验证基础上，利用响应矩阵法建立了小南海泉域地下水资源管理模型，并利用单纯形法求解。在维持小南海泉年均流量大于3.2m~3／s，且满足泉域工农业生产生活用水的前提下，求得不同降水保证率下典型年泉域地下水资源最大开采量分别为：特枯年7470.08万m~3；枯水年7775.57万m~3；平水年9061.1万m~3；丰水年11888.07万m~3。通过对结果分析得出，现状条件下，小南海泉域岩溶地下水资源量已基本处于补采平衡状态，泉域内没有增大自备井开采量、矿坑排水的可能，自备井开采、矿坑排水总量不超过7695.64万m~3／a，如果增加开采量只能靠减少泉水量来保证，在特枯年份，必须压缩泉域内的自备井开采量、矿坑排水量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Groundwater in karst area is very precious for water resources to sustain basic spring discharge and to satisfy water requirement of industry, agriculture and living. A model for groundwater resources management in Xiaonanhai Spring catchment was developed in this paper, and it is very important for groundwater resources management and ecological and environmental protection in this region.The model was applied in the Xiaonanhai Spring catchment, located in Anyang city of Henan province. Based on the hydrological characteristics of karst groundwater flow, the groundwater numerical model, Visual MODFLOW, was calibrated on the basis of the observation data of meteorology, groundwater level and spring discharges, The numerical model was further verified according to the observation data from 2004 to 2005. The study results show that the model is reliable for groundwater flow simulation, and is able to predict the variations of the groundwater levels and spring discharge in this area.On the basis of the calibrated parameters, the response matrix approach was further used to develop the model for groundwater resources management, which was solved by the simplex method. The maximum pumping rates in wet, normal, dry and extreme dry years for meeting the water requirements and maintaining a basis flux over 3.2m~3/s for Xiaonanhai Spring was determined. This rate is 7470.08×10~4 m~3 in the extreme dry year, 7775.57×10~4m~3 in dry year, 9061.1×10~4m~3 in normal year, and 11888.07×10~4m~3 in wet year. The conclusion is: the groundwater exploitation and recharge amount has reached a balance in the Xiaonanhai Spring catchment under the present condition. Increase of the pumping water and mine discharge should be not allowed. The total water withdrawal from the pumping wells should be less than 7698.64×10~4m~3/a. Increase of pumping water would result in decrease of spring discharge. Maintaining the basic spring discharge during the extraordinary dry year should reduce groundwater withdrawal.更多还原