【作者】 陈新华；

【导师】 邓业成；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 生态学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究从桂东北采集45种杀虫植物,用甲醇进行冷浸提取,以柑橘红蜘蛛（Panonychus citri McGregor）为试螨,对植物提取物的杀螨活性进行了筛选。在活性筛选基础上,选择对柑橘红蜘蛛触杀活性高的植物扛板归（Polygonum pertoliatum L.）为研究对象,采用活性跟踪法对其有效成分进行了初步分离。同时通过测定柑橘红蜘蛛体内几种酶活性的变化,初步研究了扛板归提取物对柑橘红蜘蛛的作用机理。采用浸虫叶法测定了45种植物52个样的提取物对柑橘红蜘蛛的触杀活性。结果表明,药液浓度为10g/L,供试植物甲醇提取物大部分对试螨表现出较高的触杀活性。其中,银杏、广西地不容、厚果鸡血藤、石蒜、黄连、黄柏、魔芋、南蛇勒、络石、常山、千里光、江南星蕨、野薄荷、石岩枫、灵香草、鱼腥草、扛板归、亮叶崖豆藤和龙葵活性高,24h校正死亡率大于90%;狭叶十大功劳、茴茴蒜、荚迷、枳、牛耳朵、假地兰、龙牙草、广西蜘蛛抱蛋、乌毛蕨、山栀子、桂林乌桕、黄荆、蛇莓、柏木、枇杷活性中等,校正死亡率为60%-90%;深山黄堇、异叶天南星、射干、冬青、小槐花、苦李根、小蜡树、君迁子、继木、石苇、算盘子活性较低,校正死亡率在60%以下。为了进一步明确和比较植物提取物对柑橘红蜘蛛触杀活性的大小,采用浸虫叶法测定了对柑橘红蜘蛛有较高活性的8种植物提取物的触杀毒力。8种植物提取物对柑橘红蜘蛛的触杀毒力按从高到低的顺序是:银杏叶(LC₅₀值为1.9248mg/mL)、黄柏（1.9780）、广西地不容块根（3.5716）、厚果鸡血藤根（3.9800）、扛板归（4.2524）、常山（4.4407）、江南星蕨（5.5564）、鱼腥草（7.3267）,银杏叶的毒力高于其他植物提取物的毒力。选择扛板归作进一步研究,测定了扛板归根、茎和叶甲醇提取物对柑橘红蜘蛛雌成螨和卵的触杀毒力及对雌成螨的驱避作用。处理后24h,根、茎和叶对雌成螨的LC₅₀值分别为11.8680mg/mL、3.9646mg/mL和4.4793mg/mL。处理后第10天,对卵的LC₅₀值分别为2.8227mg/mL、1.7969mg/mL和1.7078mg/mL。处理后2h,4h,6h,8h,茎、叶提取物对柑橘红蜘蛛的平均驱避率均在50%以上。说明扛板归的杀螨活性成分主要存在于茎和叶中。采用多种溶剂和提取方法对植物材料进行提取,比较了不同溶剂和不同提取方法对植物材料的提取率及提取物的杀螨活性,结果表明以微波辅助提取法的提取率最高,其次是索氏提取法,最后是溶剂冷浸提取法;溶剂以甲醇的提取率最高,氯仿次之,石油醚最差,即溶剂极性越强,提取率越高;不同溶剂提取物对柑橘红蜘蛛的生物活性以氯仿提取物和更多还原

【Abstract】 45 species of plants collected from the northeast of Guangxi zhuang autonomous region were extracted with methanol. Acarocidal activities of these extracts against Panonychus citri McGregor were measureed by leaf-dip method. According to the Acarocidal activity, Polygonum pertoliatum L., which had high contact activity , was selected to be further investigated for active ingredients. And the extract was separated by solid-liquid distribution and purified through column chromatograghy. Primary mechanism was investigated through the change of several enzymes.The contact activities of 52 methanol extracts of 45 plants against Panonychus citri McGregor were tested in laboratory. Results showed that at a concentration of 10mg/mL, the extracts with higher activity（corrected mortality rate >90%） at 24h after treatment were that of Ginkgo biloba L., Stephania kwangsiensis Lo., Millettia pachycarpa Benth., Lycoris radiata Herb., Coptis chinensis Franch., Phellodendron amurense Rupr., Amorphophallus rivieri Durieu, Caesalpinia minax Hance, Trachelospermum jasminoides（Lindl.）Lem., Dichroa febrifuga Lour., Senecio scandens Buch.-Ham. ex D.DON, Microsorium fortunei（Moore）Ching, Mentha haplocalyx Brig., Mallotus repandus （Willd.） Muell. Arg., Lysimachia foenumgraecum Hance, Houttuynia cordata Thunb., Polygonum perfoliatum Linn., Milletia nitida Benth; extracts with moderate activity（corrected mortality rate of 60%⁹0%）were that of Mahonia fortunei （Lindl.）Fedde ,Ranunculus cantoniensis Bunge, Viburnum dilatatum Thunb., Ponicirus trifoliate （Linn.） Raf., Didymocarpus eburneus（Hance）Levl., Crotalaria ferruginea Grah ex Benth., Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb., Aspidistra retusa K.Y.Lang et S.Z.Huang, Blechnum orientale L., Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, Sapium chihsinianum S.Lee, Vitex negundo L., Duchesnea indica（Andrews） Focke, Cupressus funebris Endl., Eriobotrya japonica（Thunb.） Lindl; contact activities of the others were lower, with corrected mortality rate below 60%.Contact toxicities of 8 plant extracts were further determined. The extracts from leaves of Ginkgo biloba L. had the highest contact toxicities against Panonychus citri McGregor, with a LC₅₀ value of 1.9248mg/mL. Relative toxicities of the eight plant extracts, in order from highest to lowest, were: leaves更多还原