【作者】 潘旭；

【导师】 曹艳芝；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 法律， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 公司瑕疵设立，是指公司虽已成立并取得营业执照，但因其在设立过程中存在违反法律规定的瑕疵，从而使其业已取得的法律人格处于不稳定状态的设立行为。它集中体现为：在形式上公司已通过登记取得法人执照，即已对社会公示合法有效，在实质上公司并不具备公司所应具备的合法内核。公司瑕疵设立会对公司法律人格产生直接影响，公司可能因此丧失法律人格，并极可能在社会中产生一系列的消极后果，如公司出资额不实，使债权人的债权得不到保障，交易安全受到破坏；公司被撤销，导致公司设立目的无法实现，造成社会资源浪费，等等。然而，我国公司法对其关注不够，导致规范不力，无法达到运用法律规范的行为模式形成新的社会秩序的目的。因此，从法理和法律规范的角度对公司瑕疵设立调整问题进行深入研究，就具有非常重要的理论意义和现实意义。本文的探讨除引言与结语外分为四大部分：第一部分对公司瑕疵设立进行了全面界定。首先，从公司瑕疵设立现象入手，通过对相关学者所提出的概念进行分析，总结出公司瑕疵设立的概念，并通过对概念的分析，揭示出公司瑕疵设立的三个特征。其次，通过相关概念的比较，深刻地阐述公司瑕疵设立的独特内涵。第二部分对公司瑕疵设立的表现形式进行了类型化分析，即归纳为表现形态进行研究。首先对公司合法成立所须满足的要件进行分析，指出公司设立行为既要符合民事法律行为的一般条件，又要符合公司法规定的特殊要件。其次，根据瑕疵的性质与特点，对公司瑕疵设立的表现形态进行分类总结，将公司瑕疵设立的表现形态分为下列类型：公司设立目的违法和违反公共秩序瑕疵、设立人不适格瑕疵、设立人意思表示瑕疵、资本额不实瑕疵、公司章程瑕疵、公司组织要件瑕疵和公司设立程序瑕疵。第三部分全面论述了公司瑕疵设立的法律后果。首先，运用比较的方法探讨了英美法系和大陆法系国家或地区关于瑕疵设立的不同处理模式，指出对设立瑕疵公司有条件的承认与有条件的否认是两大法系的共同选择。其次，针对我国公司瑕疵设立法律规制中最欠缺的民事责任承担制度进行分析讨论，在区分公司瑕疵设立瑕疵补正和公司瑕疵设立被撤销或宣告无效两种情况下，完善民事责任承担制度。第四部分在第三部分对两大法系处理模式的分析的基础上，检讨并反思了我国法相关规定的特点与不足，提出了完善的切入点和思路，目标是构建我国高效、统一的公司瑕疵设立法律制度。首先，对我国公司瑕疵设立法律规制进行评述。在分析2005年《公司法》的修改给公司瑕疵设立规制带来的影响后，总结出我国对瑕疵设立公司的处理模式，并指出其不足；其次，提出完善我国公司瑕疵设立法律规制的构想。1、在公司瑕疵设立的处理模式上，基于全面保护股东及债权人利益，兼顾效率与安全理念，根据我国国情，应选择原则上否认法人人格的处理模式；2、在具体规制措施方面，提出统一由《公司法》进行规范，确定瑕疵设立公司的瑕疵范围，完善公司瑕疵设立行政撤销制度，建立公司瑕疵设立诉讼宣告无效制度，完善公司设立瑕疵补正制度以及民事责任承担制度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Defective establishment of company means that the company the sixth branch establishes and obtains the business license, because it exists in the establishment process violates the legal rule the slight defect, thus causes the legal personality which it already obtained to be at the non-steady state the establishment behavior. It concentrates manifests is: Company has already obtained the legal person license in the form through the registration, namely already male showed to the society legitimately is effective, the company certainly did not have the legitimate content in the essence which the company should have. The company slight defect establishment can have the direct influence to the company law personality, The company is possible therefore loses the legal personality, and very possibly has a series of negative consequences in the society, for example: the company spending limit with does not tally actually, which unable to safeguard creditor’s creditor’s rights and destruction transaction security, the company is abolished, causes the goal which the company sets up to be unable to realize, which waste the social resources and so on. But our country law of corporation is insufficient to this question attention and causes the standard not strength, which unable to achieve forms the new social order using the legal standard behavior pattern the goal. Therefore, Conducts the thorough research from the legal principle theory of law and the legal standard angle to the company slight defect establishment adjustment question, has the extremely important theory significance and the practical significance.This article divides into four major parts besides the quotation and the conclusion:The part 1 has carried on the comprehensive limits to the company slight defect establishment. Firstly, the author obtains from the company slight defect establishment phenomenon, through the concept which proposed to the correlation scholar carries on the analysis, through the concept analysis, promulgates the company slight defect establishment three characteristics. And then, the author through the correlation concept comparison profoundly elaborates the company slight defect establishment unique connotation.The part 2 has carried on the typological analysis to the company slight defect establishment manifestation, that is induces for conducts the research to the performance shape. Firstly legitimately had been established the condition to the company which must satisfy to carry on the analysis, and then pointed out the company sets up the behavior already to have to conform to the civil legal act generic condition but also corms to the law of corporation stipulation special important document. Secondly, according to slight defect nature and characteristic, carries on the classified summary to the company slight defect establishment performance shape and divides into the type below the company slight defect establishment performance shape: the company sets up the goal illegal and violates the public peace and order slight defect, sets the human ill standard slight defect, Sets up the person meaning expression slight defect, capital not solid slight defect and so on..The part 3 comprehensively elaborated the company slight defect establishment legal consequence. First, it has discussed the British and American legal system country or the area using the comparison method about the slight defect establishment different processing pattern, and pointed out to sets up the slight defect company to have the condition acknowledgment with to have the condition denial is two big legal system together choices. Next, the civil liability most is short of which in view of our country company slight defect establishment law system in undertakes the system to carry on the analysis discussion, supplements and corrects in the discrimination company slight defect establishment slight defect with the company slight defect establishment is abolished or declares something invalid in two kind of situations, the consummation civil liability undertakes the system.The part 4 in the third part to two big legal system processing pattern analysis foundation in, examined and has reconsidered our country law correlation stipulation characteristic and the insufficiency, proposed the perfect breakthrough point to be possible the mentality. The goal is constructs our country highly effective, the unified company slight defect establishment legal regime. First, has carried on the narration to our country corporation slight defect establishment legal regime. After analyzes in 2005 "Law of corporation" revision influence which the slight defect establishment system brings for the company, summarizes our country to the slight defect establishment company’s processing pattern, and points out its insufficiency. Next, proposed consummates our country Corporation slight defect establishment legal regime the conception1.in the company slight defect establishment processing pattern, based on comprehensively protects the shareholder and the creditor benefit, the proper attention to both efficiency and the security idea , according to our country national condition, should choose imprint cripple denies the legal person personality the processing pattern; 2. In concrete system measure aspect, Proposed the unification carries on the standard by "Law of corporation", the definite slight defect establishment company’s slight defect scope, the perfect company’s slight defect establishment administration cancellation system, the establishment company slight defect establishment lawsuit declares invalid the system, the perfect company slight defect supplements and corrects the system as well as the civil liability undertakes the system.更多还原