【作者】 刘加根；

【导师】 李贵生； 梁宠荣；

【作者基本信息】 暨南大学 ， 动物学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 乌龟是我国具有重要经济价值的水生动物之一，对其一般的生物学研究较多，但对其组织学、病理学及生理生化方面的研究较少。国内外有报道认为乌龟具有一定的抗辐射性，但其研究不够深入。鉴于此，本文以乌龟为研究对象，检验其抗辐射性。采用石蜡组织切片技术观察乌龟肝脏、脾脏和消化道的正常显微结构及受15 Gy剂量X射线照射后的病理变化；采用比色法检测各脏器心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏组织匀浆和血清中SOD活性、MDA含量及血清中GSH-PX酶活性在照射前后的变化；采用单细胞凝胶电泳技术检测血淋巴细胞DNA在照射后的损伤程度与照射后取材时间的关系。 本研究得出以下结果：1．在存活试验中，照射后30 d内：6.5 Gy剂量组下乌龟死亡率为0％，平均存活时间为30 d；15 Gy剂量组下乌龟死亡率为20％，平均存活时间为28.2 d。与小鼠比较具极显著性差异(P＜0.01)。2．乌龟经15 Gy剂量X射线照射后：肝脏出现细胞核固缩为特征的细胞凋亡，中央静脉出现淤血；脾脏出现淋巴细胞受损，白髓与红髓分界不清及白髓的小动脉内出现阻塞；消化道组织的主要病理特征为细胞凋亡，其中在肠道主要是肠黏膜上皮细胞凋亡和血管阻塞。3．乌龟受15 Gy剂量X射线照射后，各脏器及血清的抗氧化酶SOD活性显著升高(P＜0.05)，血清的GSH-PX活性也显著升高(P＜0.05)，各脏器与血清的MDA含量在照射后也升高，但不显著(P＞0.05)。4．15 Gy剂量X射线能对乌龟血淋巴细胞DNA造成损伤，在其照射后初期具有显著性差异(P＜0.05)，但随着照射后时间的推移，至照射后第4 d开始未见显著性差异(P＞0.05)。 本研究结果提示：高剂量X射线照射后，乌龟肝脾、消化道组织病理变化主要表现为细胞凋亡等病理特征；各脏器及血清其抗氧化酶活性在照射后初期升更多还原

【Abstract】 Tortoise (Chinemys reevesii) is an important aquatic animal with high economic value in China. However there are few studies on histology, pathology, physiology and biochemistry. It was reported that tortoise has the ability of antiradiation. But the mechanism has not been thoroughly known, still fragmentary. In this paper, effect of X-ray on tortoise in histopathology and physiological biochemistry were studied to learn the ability of antiradiation. Paraffine histotomy technique was used to observe microstructure and pathological changes of liver, spleen and enteron in tortoise after irradiation comparing with control group; Colorimetry method was used to test SOD activity and MDA content in heart, liver, spleen, kidney and serum, and GSH-PX activity in serum; single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) was used to examined DNA damage degree of blood lymphocyte at different time after radiation.The results showed that, some changes of histopathology and physiological biochemistry occurred in tortoise after X-ray irradiation. 1. In survival experiment within 30 days, the mortality of tortoise in 6.5 Gy group was 0%; in 15 Gy group it was 20% with average survival time of 28.2 days and the data is significantly different from mice(P < 0.01). 2. After X-ray irradiation with 15 Gy dose, apoptosis appeared with cell karyon condensed, and congestion occurred in entral vein; lymphocyte was damaged in spleen, white pulp and red pulp divided vaguely, and artery of white pulp was blocked inside; in intestine, apoptosis and vas block were primary pathological symptoms. 3. After X-ray irradiation with 15Gy dose, SOD更多还原