【作者】 夏坤；

【导师】 刘正刚；

【作者基本信息】 暨南大学 ， 中国古代史， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 女佣阶层是近代中国社会出现的一个特殊的职业女性群体，社会和城市的发展促使农村女性向城市流动，女佣成为城市社会中的某种特色。本文主要从社会史的视角，关照在晚清(1840——1911)广州社会变革过程中，女佣独特的社会角色和生活模式。大量农妇从农耕生活进入城市环境，社会身份与角色的转换、使得她们的交际空间、家庭伦理和贞洁观念也有所变化。 女佣行业的兴旺发展，逐渐成为广州城市家庭服务业中的一支主力军。女佣劳动力市场的发展吸引很多社会力量介入，出现了中介机构。女佣的内部职业分工开始细化。女佣职业形象已得到社会的认可。为维护自身生存，广州女佣建立了自己的社会团体。 女佣来源结构的不同，使得女佣于东家的关系呈现复杂局面。一般而言，女佣与东家是主仆和雇佣的双重关系，其中自主投奔城市受雇佣工，与东家建立平等的劳资关系。然而由于人口买买、良贱等级观念的存在，婢女依然被视作低贱阶层。女佣依然是社会中的弱势群体，在历史演进中处于被忽视的地位。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the modern society of China, the maid class is a special professional feminine group. The development of the society and the city urges women in the rural areas to flow into the city, and the maids become characteristics of the city society. This article mainly focused on the view of social history from macroscopic perspective, inspecting the process of the society transform in Guangzhou in the lateQing dynasty time (1,840——1,911), and discussed the maid unique social role andthe mode of life. From agricultural life into the city business environment, massive peasant women maids’ living conditions and the life style had changed, so the transformation of social status and the role causes the maid s’ human relations space, family ethics, the pure and chaste idea also had some changes.The trade of maids’ has developed prosperously, which become a big part service industry army to city family in Guangzhou. The maid labor market’ development attracts many social forces involved, and intermediary organs were present. Maid’s internal occupation division of labor grew more miniature. Maids’ professional image obtained social approval. In order to maintain themselves to survive, the Guangzhou maids established their own association.The maids originated from multi-structures, which caused the relationship between the maids and master to be presented complex conditions. Generally speaking, the maid and the master are the dual relations which the master and servant and employment. The maids independently went to the city and were employed, and they established the equal labor management relation with the master. However, trading of population and the idea of status rank still existed, so the maids still had not been regard as the humble social class. The maids were still in inferior group in the society, and in the historical evolution they belonged to neglected class.更多还原