消费者权益公益诉讼法律制度研究

【作者】 韩晓波；

【导师】 谢晖；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 法律， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 我国传统消费者诉讼暴露出原告资格不健全，诉讼效益不经济和举证责任不均衡等问题。这样，当消费者公众利益遭受侵害时或有侵害之虞时，公民便无法通过司法手段来维护这一公益。从我国的现实情况看，一方面，消费者所遭受的各种侵害越发频繁和严重；另一方面，传统的民事诉讼制度与现代民法中保护消费者权益的内容不相适应，不利于对其的保护。导论在阐述以上问题的同时，引出本文所要论述的主题内容。 首先，概述了消费者权益公益诉讼。消费者权益公益诉讼是指对于那些侵害不特定的消费者群体的利益、明显具有社会危害性的不法经营行为，法律允许个人或组织为维护消费者公众利益而主动对其进行司法追诉的制度。 建立公益诉讼制度具有极其重要的意义，但它在我国建立是否可行?只要运用著名学者波斯纳的经济分析方法，从诉讼资源配置和诉讼成本运行上进行分析与考察，不难发现公益诉讼在现代市场经济条件下不失为一种“低成本、高效益”的维护公益的方式，并且还能实现诉讼的规模经济效益。 另外，从我国关于消费者权益保护诉讼的现实状况、现行消费者权益诉讼存在的问题和对当前消费者权益保护诉讼机制缺陷的实证分析三个方面，对在我国建立消费者权益公益诉讼制度进行了障碍分析。 我国台湾地区借鉴西方国家的先进经验，建立了小额诉讼、选定当事人诉讼、团体诉讼和民事公诉制度，形成了消费者、消费者保护团体和政府共同参与的维护消费者权益诉讼的司法保护体系。本部分对台湾地区的做法进行了介绍。 最后，关于我国建立消费者权益公益诉讼制度的主要问题，从诉讼参与人中原告的资格、举证责任、诉讼费用、公益诉讼人安全、防止滥诉等方面进行了探讨。 随着消费者权益问题的激化，正视矛盾，积极寻求解决办法才是明智之举。虽然我国目前消费者权益公益诉讼的发展才刚刚起步，很多方面还不成熟，但已是大势所趋，我们应该顺势而为。只有这样，才能真正的保障公民的基本权利，解决矛盾，以促进社会经济又好又快发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The traditional consumer litigation of our country exposes that the qualifications of plaintiff is not sound; the litigation benefit is uneconomical ; onus probandi is not balanced and so on. Thus, when the public benefit of consumer suffers from infringing or having the possibility of infringement, the citizen can’t make use of the judicial means to support this public benefit. Seeing from the realistic circumstance of our country, on the one hand, various infringements happening to the consumer is more and more multifarious and serious. On the other hand, the contents of protecting consumer rights in the modern civil law does not went with the traditional civil action system , which goes against the protection of consumer. Introduction expounds the above problems, meanwhile it also educes the topic contents of the treatise.First, summarizing the commonweal litigation of the consumer rights and benefits .Commonweal litigation of the consumer rights and benefits is the system that when there have been behaviors which infringe the benefits of the uncertain consumer colony and illegal management behaviors which endanger the society obviously, the law allows individuals or organizations for protecting the public benefits of consumer actively carrying on the judicatory pursue .Building up the commonweal litigation system has very important meanings, but is doable building up it in our country ?only making use of the economic analytical methods of Posner who is a famous scholar , analyzing and investigating from the function of the litigation cost and ordonnance of the litigation resources, it is not difficult discovered that the commonweal litigation is a kind of the" low cost, efficiently benefit" way of maintenance of commonweal under the condition of modern market economy, and it can carry out scale economy benefits of the litigationMoreover, From the realistic condition of protecting consumer rights and benefits litigation in our country the existent problems of the current protecting consumer rights and benefits litigation and the substantial analysis of limitation of the protecting consumer rights and benefits litigation mechanism . the handicaps of building up the commonweal litigation system of the consumer rights and benefits in our country is analyzed.The Taiwanese region of our country drawing lessons from the advanced experience of the west nations builds up the small sum litigation, selection of the party litigation, the group litigation and the civil public prosecution system and forms the judicatory protection system which the consumers, consumer protection groups and governments together participate in order to maintain the litigation of the consumer rights更多还原