【作者】 李铁汉；

【导师】 刘英； 杨孝朴；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 预防兽医， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究利用体外灭虱、最小抑菌浓度（MIC）、植物病原真菌生长速率等生物活性跟踪法,检测了用80%乙醇以索氏、常温浸泡和回流提取法3种方法提取瑞香狼毒根中有效成分的提取效果及乙醚萃取和柱层析所获各纯化物的生物活性成分,并就各纯化物组分进行了薄层层析分析及其理化学性质测定。试验结果表明,用80%乙醇作为溶剂提取瑞香狼毒活性成分时,常温浸泡法是一种较好的方法,虽然提取率低,但对活性成分破坏较小,并适合大量样品的提取。对粗提物用乙醚萃取和柱层析溶剂梯度洗脱,得到分别称为LF₁、LF₂、LF₃、LF₄、LF₅的洗脱流分。经薄层层析检验,LF₂、LF₃为单一组分,各为一种纯有机化合物;LF₁、LF₅为2种化合物的混合物;LF₄为3种化合物的混合物。乙醚萃取物的灭虱、抑菌作用与乙醇提取物相当,表明乙醚可萃取出各生物活性成分。瑞香狼毒根提取物具有灭虱的效力,LC₅₀为2.944%,其纯化物LF₄、LF₁具有短时间内杀灭猪虱的作用,表明LF₄、LF₁中含有灭虱的有效成分。瑞香狼毒根提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、鸡白痢沙门菌、变形杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌的MIC值分别为0.125 mg/mL、0.500 mg/mL、0.500 mg/mL、0.500mg/mL和1.000 mg/mL。其纯化物LF₂对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、鸡白痢沙门菌、变形杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌的MIC值分别为0.013 mg/mL、0.050 mg/mL、0.050mg/mL、0.050 mg/mL和0.100 mg/mL,LF₁对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、鸡白痢沙门菌和变形杆菌的MIC值分别为0.100 mg/mL、0.200 mg/mL、0.200 mg/mL和0.200 mg/mL。表明抑制细菌的主要成分是LF₂,LF₁中含有次要抑菌物质。对小麦赤霉病菌和玉米大斑病菌的相对抑制率,瑞香狼毒根提取物分别为77.1%和66.7%,LF₂分别为85.0%和70.5%,LF₁对玉米大斑病菌的相对抑制率为60.9%,而LF₃对小麦赤霉病菌的相对抑制率为91.4%。可知主要抑真菌物质是LF₂,LF₁和LF₃中含有不同的抑真菌活性物质。更多还原

【Abstract】 The extracting effect of the effective components which isolated with Suo’s extraction,immersing extraction and refluent extraction in 80%ethanol respectively from the root of Stellera chamaejasme and the bioactive components of the purified substances which obtained with aether extraction and column chromatography were tested with the bioactive tracking method,such as exosomatic delousing,minimum bacteriostatic concentration et al.In addition,the components of the purified substances were analysed with the thin-layer chromatography（TLC）and the physicochemical property of them were tested.The results showed that the immersing extraction with 80% ethanol at normal temperature was a better method with lower destructive to active components,which was appropriate to the extraction of large numbers of samples.The eluotropic components named LF₁,LF₂,LF₃,LF₄,Lf₅ respectively were obtained with the diethyl-ether extraction and the column chromatography gradient elution of crude extract.LF₂ and LF₃ were all pure organic compounds,LF₁ and LF₅ were mixtures of two compounds,LF₄ was mixtures of three compounds with the TLC analyse.The antibacterial and delousing activity of the diethyl-ether extract and the ethanol extract were relatively same,which indicated the effectiveness of the diethyl-ether extraction.The extractive substances from the root of Stellera chamaejasme had delousing activity with 2.944%LC₅₀.LF₄ and LF₁could exterminate the biting guinea in a short time,which suggested that there were effective components in LF₄ and LF₁.The MIC value,which the extractive substances from the root of Stellera chamaejasme restrained Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Salmonella pullorum, Bacillus proteus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,were 0.125 mg/ml,0.500 mg/l,0.500 mg/l,0.500 mg/l and 1.000 mg/l respectively,that of LF₂ were 0.013 mg/ml,0.050 mg/l, 0.050 mg/l,0.050 mg/l and 0.100 mg/l respectively.The MIC value which LF₁ restrained Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Salmonella pullorum and Bacillus proteus were 0.100 mg/ml,0.200 mg/l,0.200 mg/l and 0.200 mg/l respectively.The results showed that LF₂ was the main antibacterial component and there were the minor antibacterial components in LF₁.The relative restraining frequency,which the extractive substances from the root of Stellera chamaejasm restrained Alternaria solani and Exserohilum turcicum,were 77.1% and 66.7%respectively,that of LF₂ were 85.0%and 70.5%respevtively.The relative restraining frequency was 60.9%with LF₁ restraining Exserohilum turcicum,and the frequency was 91.4%with LF₃ restraining Alternaria solani.Therefore,LF₂ was the main antifungal substance and there were different antifungal substances in LF₁ and LF₃.更多还原