【作者】 王克树；

【导师】 刘继文； 陈镕；

【作者基本信息】 新疆医科大学 ， 劳动卫生与环境卫生学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 目的：为科学防制站车鼠、蟑危害提供本底资料。方法：本次调查对站、车鼠密度的调查采用了鼠夹法，晚放早收，诱饵为花生米；蟑螂密度调查采用了药激询问法和粘蟑盒法。结果：通过调查查清了新疆站、车的鼠害鼠种为褐家鼠、小家鼠和灰仓鼠；蟑螂种属是德国小蠊。鼠类主要分布在车库、车站周边环境，其次为宾馆、饭店和行李房等处，旅客列车鼠害主要有两种，即小家鼠和褐家鼠，主要分布在车厢的茶炉附近、餐车的后堂与顶棚、小卖部、柜子缝隙等；鼠类侵入旅客列车的途径主要有两种。一是经食品、备品、行李、包裹等携带进入旅客列车。理由是车站周围外环境的鼠密度较高，且捕获的鼠类主要分布于硬座、行李车、餐车。二是在车辆的修理或长时间停放的过程中爬入。理由主要是在列车上捕到的鼠类多数存在于旧车体。车站及各类环境的蟑螂侵害是比较严重的，特别是各类餐饮场所、旅店、招待所为最重，旅客列车的蟑螂主要分布于硬座和餐车的各类缝隙中，且若虫较多。蟑螂侵入旅客列车的途径有三种。一是随旅客的行李、包裹带人；二是随餐车的配料，食品等带入；三是在车辆修理、制造或停放时爬入。以上三种方式中以被动的方式进入车内为主。被带入的蟑螂数量虽然少，但由于繁殖速度快，若没有及时消灭其侵害就会直线上升。通过试验室对旅客列车捕获的蟑螂子代做药物抗性测定发现新疆站车的蟑螂对菊酯类杀虫剂已有一定的抗药性。结论：针对目前新疆铁路站、车鼠蟑侵害情况，要定期监测鼠蟑密度，及时准确掌握鼠蟑的消长趋势，根据鼠蟑密度消长规律，及时调整灭鼠灭蟑更多还原

【Abstract】 Objectives: to provide elementary information for preventing invasion caused by mice and cockroaches in the railroad stations and trains. Methods: we used mousetraps to investigate the density of mice. Place in the night, received in the morning and used the peanuts as the bait. As for cockroaches, we used inquiry by stirring medicine and boxes for sticking cockroaches. Result: We found the kindred respectively brown rat, little mice, hamster and Germany small hamster. Most of the mice mainly live in the surroundings of garages, railroad stations, hotels, restaurants and luggage office. In trains, we Found brown rat and little mice mainly live near the stoves of compartments, dining cars and their ceilings, buffet and cracks. Mice always invade into trains through food, duplicate parts, baggage and packages. Because the density of mice is higher in the surroundings of railroad stations, the mice captured mainly localize in hard-based seats, luggage van and dining cars.The other was climbing into trains when the train is being repaired or retention. The mice captured mainly localize in old car bodies. The invasion caused by cockroaches is serious, especially in restaurants, inns and hotels. They mainly live in cracks. They invade into trains through baggage or更多还原