【作者】 林玮；

【导师】 苗明；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 机械制造及其自动化， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 作为机械设备的安全装置之一，缓冲器被广泛应用于交通、电力、建筑及动力机械等工程领域的抗震缓冲。随着机械设备向高速化、大型化发展，缓冲性能良好的液压缓冲器有着越来越重要的地位。在传统的缓冲器设计中，多是按照经验值估算主要参数值，再根据实际工作性能进行改进。这样的设计方法不仅增加了设计成本，效果也并不理想。 针对这一问题，本文以LQH-HY液气缓冲器为研究对象，进行了深入的分析。该液气缓冲器具有新型的阻尼结构，并利用了氮气的无疲劳、体积模量小的特点，使其容量及吸能性能优越，回弹时间短，缓冲力上升快，缓冲特性较为理想。 文中应用流体液压知识和运动学方程建立液气缓冲器的物理模型，以MATLAB软件为仿真工具，对液气缓冲器系统进行动态仿真，得到几组重要的缓冲特性仿真曲线。通过与试验曲线的对比，验证了仿真程序的正确性。应用该仿真模型，详细分析了几类参数对缓冲性能的影响，液气缓冲器阻尼阀芯的设计参数对缓冲性能影响重大。为了进一步提高缓冲性能，选择阻尼孔径、阻尼长度、弹簧刚度和阀芯的开启压力为主要设计变量，以实际缓冲效率与理想值的差作为目标函数，并应用改进的遗传算法，实现了阻尼阀参数的优化。优化后的阻尼阀芯能有效提高缓冲器的动态性能，使缓冲过程更加平稳，吸能效率更高。 本文还应用MATLAB的GUI工具箱设计了阻尼阀优化软件，以简单友好的界面将结果显示出来。并通过具体实例介绍了软件使用方法，验证了软件的实用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a kind of safety equipments, buffer has been used widely in such project fields as the traffic, electricity, building and motive power machine, etc. With the development of equipments’ giant and high-speed, hydraulic buffer which has an excellent performance is becoming more and more important. During the traditional designing, the main parameters are estimated based on experience then corrected relied on working performance. It is not an effective way to design and hard to get the satisfied results.To resolve this problem, further researches on LQY-YQ gas-hydraulic buffer is done. The gas-hydraulic buffer applies a new damping structure and utilizes the characteristic of nitrogen, such as no fatigue and small elastic modulus. It has a predominant capability and the power-absorption ability, including short rebound time and quick increasing of cushioning force.In this paper, a mathematical model of cushioning process based on LQH-YQ gas-hydraulic buffer is established, which can achieve some simulation curve after changed into simulation model by MATLAB and solved in computer. According to simulation results, which are confirmed by test’s data, the influence of some parameters to the cushioning performance is discussed, and then, a conclusion that the damping valve parameters are the most important factors for cushioning is got. For a better cushioning performance of the buffer, choosing the diameter of damping valve, the length of damper and the advanced force and rigidity of springs as design variables, making the error between actual value and idealized value as an object function, and then, GA arithmetic is used as an optimized method. Finally, a series of proper data that can achieve well cushion performance, which shows steady force and high capacity, is got.Furthermore, a kind of software for optimization of the damping valve of gas-hydraulic buffer is developed, which provides good interfaces for showing the results. Its practical value is verified by a concrete instance.更多还原