【作者】 岳斌；

【导师】 王云普；

【作者基本信息】 西北师范大学 ， 高分子化学与物理， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 金属材料是人类物质文明的基础，而无时无刻不在进行的金属腐蚀也给人类社会造成了巨大损失。因此研究金属的腐蚀防护方法以控制金属的腐蚀，从而减少腐蚀造成的损失，对国民经济发展具有重要意义。在各种防腐技术中，涂料防腐蚀技术应用最广泛，因为它具有许多独特的优越性。据日本腐蚀和防腐蚀协会调查表明，在涂料、金属表面处理耐腐蚀材料、防锈油、缓蚀剂、电化学保护、腐蚀研究等七大防腐技术投资中，涂料防腐蚀投资的经费占62.15％，由此可见涂料防腐的重要地位和研究开发的活跃程度。磷酸酯类表面活性剂是一种性能优良、应用广泛的表面活性剂。其具有优良的润湿性、洗净性、增溶性、抗静电性、乳化性、缓蚀防锈等特性，其易生物降解，刺激性比较低，尤其热稳定性、耐碱和耐电解质、抗静电性均优于一般阴离子表面活性剂，广泛应用于化纤、纺织、塑料、造纸、皮革和日用化学品等领域。以P₂O₅为磷酸化试剂反应条件温和，不需要特殊设备，成本低，对环境无污染。鉴于此，本文以P₂O₅作磷酸化试剂合成一种含有活性磷酸根离子的单体，采用加水反应和水解工艺，以求在不增加设备投入的条件下，最大限度地提高酯化产物的酯化率，满足应用要求。本文同时对投料方式及配比、酯化温度和时间、水解加水量和水解温度、水解时间进行研究探讨，总结出含有活性磷酸根离子单体最佳合成条件：低温强烈搅拌下分批投料，n（ROH）:n（P₂O₅）=2:1，酯化温度60～70℃，酯化时间3.0～3.5h；水解时加水量4％（g／g），水解温度70～80℃，水解时间1.5～2.0h。在上述条件下合成产品酯化率大于91％。利用上述含有活性离子的单体和丙烯酸酯类单体及含氟单体经过自由基聚和制备一种水乳化型或者水分散体型树脂，这种树脂不仅可以成膜，而且可以将活性的金属离子发生络合反应而转化成对涂膜无害的物质。为此，我们研制以水作为分散介质，集化锈，钝化，磷化缓蚀于一体，目的就是使之形成钝化覆盖层的水性带锈防锈涂料。同时我们对于防腐涂料作用原理、影响乳液聚合的各种因素：反应温度、引发剂用量、乳化剂配比及用量进行探讨，总结出最佳反应条件：最佳反应温度为80℃，最佳乳化剂配比为阴离子型:非离子型=2:1；最佳乳化剂用量为单体质量的4％；引发剂的使用量为单体质量含量的0.2％时，凝胶含量最低。防锈涂料的性能既取决于所选用的防锈颜料，也取决于它在涂料中的分散效果。分散是涂料生产中最耗费能源和工时，并最影响涂料质量的一道工序，因此分散剂是涂料配方中必不可少的一部分颜料。大多水性防锈带锈涂料以添加功能颜料（如：铁红、磷酸锌）或加入磷酸的方法。我们制备具有防锈带锈功能的可聚合乳化剂使得制备水性防锈带锈涂料时不必添加铁红等功能颜料。并且对于生产这种可聚合乳化剂的最佳工艺进行探讨，包括引发剂用量、链转移剂用量、反应温度和聚合时间等方面。更多还原

【Abstract】 Metal materia is the base of human civiliztion, while metal corrosion brings a lot damage to the society. Therefore study the methods of metal anticorrosion in order to control metal corrosion and reduce the loss from it, which is very inportant to national economy. In various anticorrosion techniques,anticorrosive paint has been usedly widely, for its unique advantages. According to the survey of Japanese Corrosion and Anti-corrosion Association, it shows that among the seven anticorrosion techniques,the investment of anticorrosive paint is 62.15%, from above, we can see the importance of anticorrosive paint and bright future of research on it.The surface chemistry of organic phosphate is a excellent and widely-used organic phosphate. It has superior functions of lubricant, abluent, solubilizing, antistatic, emulsifing, slow corrosion and antirust. It’s easy to degrade the biologies,low stimulus, especially heat stability and alkali resistance and electrolyte resistance and antistatic and so on, all these are superior to the ordinary surface chemistry of negative ion. And it can be used in chemical fiber,textile, plastics, paper-making, leather and articles of daily use. If we use P₂O₅ as phosphoric reagent to prodce a monomer which includes active root ion of phospate, the recation condition is mild, we don’t need any special equipment, and low cost, no pollution. Upon this, the essay use P₂O₅ as phosphoric reagent, adopt recation of adding water and hydrolysis process, so as to improve the ester rate of ester production, without adding equipment and meet the needs of supplies.If we use monomer of avtive ion and monomer of acrylate and fluorine, form resin of dispensing water or resion of emulsifying water through free radical ization . This resion can not only be made into coating and also can let active metal ion form complexing recation and transfer into a harmless coating. So, we use water as medium and combine rusting and passivation and bonderizing together, the aim is to form a water paint of passive coating.The performance of antirust paint is decided by antirust pigment and diepersing effect of paint. Dispersing will cost a lot of resource and labor during the process and it will affect the quality of paint. Therefore dispersing agent is essential of paint formula. Most waterborne anti-rusting coatings can be made by adding functional pigment （iron oxide、zinc phosphate）or phosphate. But when we make anti-rusting ization emulsifying agent, don’t need iron oxide functional pigment.更多还原