【作者】 郭艳玲；

【导师】 张绍铃；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 发育生物学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 观察了不育品种‘新高’、‘爱宕’与可育品种‘丰水’的花器官特征，并测定了三个品种的花粉量、花粉萌发率及花粉管长度。结果表明，‘新高’、‘爱宕’花器官形态正常，花药较小不饱满；与‘丰水’相比‘新高’、‘爱宕’花粉量很少，花粉萌发率很低。石蜡切片，苏木精—固绿复染，观察‘新高’、‘爱宕’和‘丰水’梨小孢子发育过程中花药细胞学特征。‘新高’和‘爱宕’小孢子大量败育发生在的单核晚期；‘新高’在小孢子母细胞减数分裂期就表现出部分异常，在单核晚期大量败育，‘爱宕’小孢子败育则主要发生在单核晚期，之前表现正常。石蜡切片，PAS、I₂-IK、苏丹Ⅲ反应染色，观察‘新高’、‘爱宕’与可育品种‘丰水’小孢子发育时期雄蕊多糖、蛋白质、脂类的动态变化。‘新高’小孢子败育时雄蕊组织不发生显著的多糖积累，而此时‘丰水’雄蕊有显著的多糖积累，‘爱宕’则在2细胞花粉期，晚于‘丰水’发生多糖积累；‘新高’、‘爱宕’组织化学变化是与细胞学变化相伴发生的。自四分体期‘新高’部分小孢子蛋白质积累不足，‘新高’小孢子败育之前，小孢子蛋白质几乎消失；‘爱宕’小孢子在单核后期蛋白质积累减少，小孢子随后发生败育。‘丰水’减数分裂期花药外壁开始出现脂滴，小孢子在2细胞花粉期积累脂类，花粉成熟期花粉粒积累了一定的脂类物质；‘新高’小孢子开始解体时，药壁组织脂滴也消失，小孢子不积累脂类；‘爱宕’小孢子发育早期药壁组织不出现脂滴，2细胞花粉期，小孢子败育殆尽时，败育小孢子和药壁组织出现了脂滴。测定了‘新高’（败育）与‘丰水’（可育）花药发育各个时期花蕾的可溶性糖、淀粉、蛋白质和游离脯氨酸含量；结果表明，随着花蕾的发育，在花蕾发育后期‘新高’淀粉含量低于‘丰水’，可溶性糖含量则由低于‘丰水’过渡到高于‘丰水’；‘新高’花蕾蛋白质、游离脯氨酸含量低于‘丰水’。为探索新高梨雄性不育与膜脂稳定性的关系，测定了‘新高’（败育）与‘丰水’（可育）花药发育过程中花蕾膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）含量和保护酶——过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性。结果表明，在花蕾发育过程中，‘新高’花蕾MDA含量高于丰水；‘新高’花蕾POD、CAT活性小于‘丰水’，SOD活性则与之相反。更多还原

【Abstract】 The features of anther in Niitaka、Atago and Housui were examined , and the pollen grains per anther and Pollen germination rates were investigated . The results showed that the anther of Niitaka and Atago had only a little male sterile pollen grains .The cytological features of anther and microspore development in Niitaka、Atago and Housui were examined by a light microscope . Compared with Housui, The microspore of Niitaka and Atago disintegrated mostly at the late mononuclear microspores stage; the anther of Niitaka partly began to be abnomal at the meiosis stage , but the anther of Atago was nomal before the late mononuclear microspores stage .Using PAS、I₂-IK、SudanIII coloration , the polysaccharides、proteins and lipids changes both in male fertile pear （Housui） and male sterility pear （Niitaka and Atago） were comparatively studies . At the late mononuclear microspores stage , polysaccharide accumulation was never observed in the cells of connective and filament of Niitaka stamens Where as in the normally developing stamens of Housui polysaccharide accumulation must largely occurred in those cells mentioned above . At the binuclear stage , polysaccharide accumulation occurred in those cells of connective and filament of Atago stamens , but it was later than it in Housui . The histochemistry changes both in stamens of Niitaka and Atago occurred at the same time with the cytological changes . At the tetrads stage stage , protein accumulation was deficiency in some microspores of Niitaka . Before microspores disintegrated , the proteins in microspores of Niitaka and Atago disappeared . The proteins histochemistry changes both in stamens of Niitaka and Atago occurred before the cytological changes . At the meiosis stage , there were lipid bodies in the anther wall of Housui. At the binuclear stage , pollen grains of Housui were accumulating lipids . At the late mononuclear microspores stage , the lipid bodies in the anther wall of Niitaka were vanishing when the microspores disintegrated , and the microspores of Niitaka weren’t accumulating lipids . Before the binuclear stage , there weren’t any lipid bodies in the anther of Atago. At the binuclear stage , there were some lipid bodies in the disintegrated microspores and the anther wall of Atago.Changes in the soluble sugar , starch , soluble protein , and free proline content in bud of Niitaka and Housui were compared and analyzed .The results showed that the starch content in the bud of Niitaka was lower than it in Housui in the late stage of the bud growth period ,but the soluble sugar content was higher than it in Housui. the soluble protein and the free proline content in the bud of Niitaka were lower than that in Housui in the bud growth period.In order to study the relation of male sterility and membrane lipid stability of Niitaka, the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） and the activity of peroxidase （POD）, catalase （CAT）, super oxide dismutase （SOD） in bud of Niitaka and Housui were compared and analyzed. The MDA content and the activity of SOD（except the mature pollen stage） in the bud of Niitaka was higher than that in Housui. while the activity of POD, CAT in Niitaka were lower than that in Housui during the bud growth.更多还原