【作者】 潘碧枢；

【导师】 胡秋辉；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 食品科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 海藻中含丰富的多糖、藻胆蛋白、多不饱和脂肪酸、色素等生物活性成分，具有清除自由基与抑制氧化、抗肿瘤、改善血液循环系统、抗菌与抗炎及保护皮肤组织、抗衰老等功能。本研究从绿藻、蓝藻、褐藻中筛选出含抗氧化活性高的蛋白核小球藻和螺旋藻，研究了这两种海藻生物活性成分的超临界CO₂萃取工艺和技术，优化萃取工艺参数；研究了提取物的In Vitro抗氧化活性，分析抗氧化作用的主要成分，主要研究结果如下： 1．用索氏提取法提取蛋白核小球藻、螺旋藻和马尾藻的生物活性物质，蛋白核小球藻提取物得率1.42±0.22％，DPPH清除率达97.8±1.3％；螺旋藻提取物得率1.18±0.23％，DPPH清除率达84.0±00.3％；马尾藻提取物得率0.58±0.11％，DPPH清除率达41.7±0.5％；根据生物活性成分的含量和提取物的抗氧化活性，筛选出蛋白核小球藻和螺旋藻作为本研究的原料。 2．用超临界CO₂萃取技术提取蛋白核小球藻活性物质，选定萃取的温度、压力、CO₂流量、夹带剂用量、时间等五个因素，设计L₁₆（4⁵）正交试验，以得率为指标，并研究了各试验组提取物DPPH清除率和抑制亚油酸氧化能力，筛选出最佳工艺参数：萃取压力为40MPa、萃取温度为47℃、夹带用量为1.5ml乙醇／g物料、CO₂流量为30L／h、提取时间为1.5h，获得的粗提取物得率7.54％，提取物抗氧化活性高于BHT、Trolox和α-生育酚。 3．应用响应曲面法设计超临界CO₂萃取螺旋藻实验，萃取中不加夹带剂、仪器CO₂流量为20L／h，研究了主要参数（萃取温度、压力、时间）对螺旋藻抗氧化物质萃取得率、活性大小的影响，得到提取率模型方程： Response=7.11900-0.26063×A-0.014275×B-1.14775×C+3.22656E-003×A²+5.90000E-004×B²+0.13400×C²-6.56250E-004×A×B+0.011563×A×C优化工艺参数为：萃取温度48℃、压力20MPa、萃取时间4小时。 4．优化条件下，螺旋藻得率15.6g／kg，提取物中黄酮类物质含量85.1g／kg，β-胡萝卜素含量77.8g／kg，维生素A含量113.2g／kg，维生素E3.4g／kg，脂肪类物质含量700g／kg。脂肪酸组成中，γ-亚麻酸占21.66％，亚油酸占20.58％。提取物抗氧化活性能力和α-生育酚标准品相近。更多还原

【Abstract】 Marine algae contains highly polysaccharides, phycobiliprotein and polyunsaturated fatty acid as well as pigments which are supposed to have the capacity of radicals scavenging, inhibition against lipid oxidation, tumor-preventing, blood circulation improving, antibiosis, anti-inflammatory, dermerto-protection and anti-aging as well. In our studies, Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Spirulina platensis with high antioxidant actives were screened out from chlorella, blue-green algae and brown algae. Optimization were made on the extraction techniques and extracting parameters of bioactive components from these two varieties of chlorella by SC-CO₂. In vitro antioxidant activities of SC-CO₂ extracts were investigated and the results were showed as followed:1. Soxhlet Extraction was performed to extract bioactive components from Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Spirulina and guljweed. The yield from Chlorella pyrenoidosa was 1.42±0.22% and radical scavenging capability was shown to be 97.8± 1.3%. However, yield from Spirulina was 1.18±0.23% and its radical quenching activity, 84.0± 0.3%. The yield from guljweed was 0.58±0.11% and its radical quenching activity, 41.7±0.5%. Based on the above results, Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Spirulina were therefore subject for investigation on yields and antioxidant acvitites of bioactive components.更多还原