【作者】 诸葛晶昌；

【导师】 李淑清；

【作者基本信息】 天津科技大学 ， 检测技术与自动化装置， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 地震勘探工作中，地震仪通过地震检波器采集信号。地震检波器是应用于地球物理勘探及工程测量领域的专用传感器，是为了接收和记录地震波而专门设计的一种精密的机械、电子组合装置，它性能的好坏直接影响地震记录质量和地震资料的解释工作，它是地震勘探数掘采集中最重要的一个环节。目前，地震仪的精度远远高于传统检波器的精度，地震检波器已经成为地震勘探领域发展的瓶颈，制约着地震勘探事业的发展。 光栅数字地震检波器是利用光栅莫尔条纹技术丌发出来的一种新型数字检波器，并且使用细分技术进一步提高检波器的分辨力。随着细分精度的不断提高，与其配合工作的传统辨向技术已经不能完全满足系统得需要了，成为限制高精度细分发展的主要因素。如何解决传统辨向技术中存在的问题，使光栅数字检波器获得更高的分辨力成为本课题的主要任务之一。在研究传统辨向技术和细分技术的基础上，进行了新型硬件辨向电路方面的尝试，明确了硬件辨向电路中存在的问题。综合考虑数字细分和莫尔条纹辨向信号的特点，总结出通过数字信号辨向的方法，配合数字细分技术，实现了光栅数字地震检波器的全数字信号处理，大大提高了光栅数字地震检波器的分辨力。 主要成果体现在以下方面：(1)采用了速度快、体积小、功耗低的compact flash作为存储介质来存储海量数据，实现了振动信号海量数据的采集和存储，并且为便携式的数据采集存储提出了可行的解决方案；(2)总结出硬件辨向与数字细分存在的矛盾，进行了新型硬件辨向电路的尝试，并且验证了传统辨向电路中存在的问题，明确了辨向电路限制了细分技术的发展；(3)总结出光栅检波器莫尔条纹正弦信号辨向的特点，并针对这些特点制定出周期幅值综合辨向法，采用周期幅值综合辨向法对所采集的数字信号完成精确辨向，有效的克服了传统硬件辨向电路精度低、误差大、触发信号存在延迟和机构复杂的缺点；(4)在精确数字辨向的保证下完成了高精度细分计算，大大体高了光栅数字地震检波器的分辨力。 通过测试实验可以验证光栅数字地震检波器具有良好的性能，并且通过准确的数字辨向和高精度的数字细分进一步提高了系统的分辨力，相信光栅数字地震检波器将在未来的地震勘探等领域中广为应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The acquisition system obtains the geological information through the geophone in seism prospecting. Geophone is the special sensor that could convert signal of mechanical vibration into signal of electricity and could be used in seism prospecting or measure of project-field. It is also a special precision machining combined with electric instrument. Its capability directly affects recording quality of seismic wave and explaining of seismic data. It is the most important part during collecting seismic wave data. The seismograph has much better quality than geophone in the field of seism prospecting. So it is the bottleneck to progress the prospecting techniques. That is to say, the geophone restricts the seismograph to improve the precision of exploration.The up-to-date digital grating geophone has been developed based on moire technique. Using the subdivision technique, the geophone can improve its resolution further more. As the subdivision precision become higher and higher, the traditional direction-discriminating technology cannot meet the need of system. It has become the main factor that restricts the development of high precision subdivision technology. How to deal with the problems of traditional direction-discriminating technology has become one of the main tasks. So I study traditional direction-discriminating circuitries and other subdivision technology , have made a new type direction-discriminating circuitry in order to confirm the problems of traditional direction-discriminating circuitry. Take the characteristic of digital subdivision and moire fringe direction-discriminating signal into consideration , we can summarize the direction-discriminating measure using the digital signal. It can work with the digital subdivision technology, completes the digital grating geophone in digital signal processing. The resolution of the digital grating geophone can be markedly improved.The main achievements in scientific research are described as follow: (1) The compact flash , which has high speed, small figure and low power, is adopted to store the mass data. The mass vibrating signal data has been sampled and stored. And this is a practicable project for protable data sampling and storing. (2) The contradiction between direction-discriminating circuitry and digital subdivision technology has been found. A new type direction-discriminating circuitry has been made to confirm the problems in traditional direction-discriminating circuitry clearly exist. Traditional direction-discriminating circuitry undoubtedly restrict the development of subdivision technology. (3) The characteristics of the moire fringe更多还原