【作者】 高秀美；

【导师】 衣守志；

【作者基本信息】 天津科技大学 ， 环境工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 目前，在废水处理领域，其处理方法主要有生物化学法、离子交换法、化学氧化法、电渗析法以及絮凝沉淀法等，而应用最普遍且成本较低的处理方法仍然是絮凝沉淀法。絮凝剂的性能是影响絮凝沉淀处理效果的关键因素，因此，开发研制高效低毒、低成本的新型絮凝剂尤为重要。 本论文在前人工作的基础上，研究聚硅酸氯化铝铁(PAFCSi)絮凝剂的制备及其在造纸工业废水处理中的应用。该絮凝剂以工业废料——盐酸酸洗废液、铁屑，以及含铝矿和工业水玻璃为主要原料，合成一系列Si：Al：Fe摩尔比不同的聚硅铝铁絮凝剂。应用多种化学分析方法及现代仪器分析测试技术，如微电泳技术、红外光谱、扫描电镜、热重分析以及烧杯实验等，对PAFCSi中聚硅酸与铝、铁之间的相互作用、电动特性、结构形貌及热稳定性进行全面对比研究，并对絮凝剂絮凝机理作了初步分析。研究表明，絮凝剂PAFCSi中Si、Al、Fe三者之间存在着作用键，与PAC相比，有稍低的正电荷，较低的残留铝含量，在一定温度范围内有较好的热稳定性；通过机理讨论初步认为，絮凝剂PAFCSi能同时具有电中和凝聚和吸附架桥絮凝作用。实验中采用自制絮凝剂PAFCSi分别处理造纸脱墨废水、造纸洗浆废水以及经生化处理后的造纸中段废水等，对各种影响因素进行系统分析，确定了较佳的水处理条件，并与常用絮凝剂PFS、PAC和AS进行比较。研究结果表明，PAFCSi可使脱墨废水CODc_r从756.2mg／L降到139.9mg／L，去除率为81.5％；PAFCSi与PAM配合使用处理造纸洗浆废水，效果更佳，出水CODc_r可降至350mg／L以下，去除率达到82.9％，出水色度和SS分别为90PCU和32.6mg／L；对于难以用生化法脱色的造纸中段废水，经PAFCSi处理后色度可由980PCU降到50PCU，去除率大于94.0％。与其它三种絮凝剂相比，造纸工业废水经PAFCSi处理后CODc_r去除率可提高5％-12％，色度去除率可提高10％-13％，能有效降低废水污染负荷。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nowadays, many methods belonging to chemistry and biology, ionic complex reaction, chemical oxidation process and electrodialysis process are employed in the wastewater treatment, but the most widely used and less-cost method is the way of flocculating sedimentation. Obviously, the coagulation effect is largely affected by which coagulant we use and how effective it is. Consequently, it is important to study and manufacture high-effect, low-toxicity and low-cost coagulant in the field of environmental engineering.Using pickling liquid waste water of hydrochloric acid, iron scurf and aluminiferous mine as the raw materials, a new kind of inorganic polymer coagulant -polymeric aluminum ferric silicate-chloride(PAFCSi) was prepared. The transformation of polysilicic, Al(III) and Fe(IH), the electrical character, the structure and stability of PAFCSi were examined completely and deeply by means of various experimental methods and instrumental analysis techniques, including micro-electrophoretic mobility detector, IR spectrum, scanning electron microscope, electron microscope and TG-DTG analysis et al.. And the flocculating mechanism was also studied. The results show that PAFCSi is a new polymer formed by the interactions of polysilicic, Al(III) and Fe(III). Compared with PAC, PAFCSi is characterized by having less positive charge, lower residual aluminum content, and better stability in a certain temperature range. In the experiment, the flocculating properties of PAFCSi were tested in deinking effluent, pulp washing wastewater and bleaching effluent. The results show that the flocculating effectiveness of PAFCSi is better than PAC, PFS and AS. Under the optimum conditions, CODcr of deinking effluent can be reduced from 756.2mg/L to 139.9mg/L, removal of CODcr is 81.5%; the efficiency of PAFCSi plus PAM is better, CODcr of pulp washing wastewater can be reduced to less than 350.0mg/L, 82.9%of CODcr is removed, chroma and SS are 90PCU and 32.6mg/L, respectively; when PAFCSi is applied to treat bleaching effluent, which has poor degradability by microorganism, chroma can be reduced from 980PCU to 50PCU,更多还原