【作者】 佟鸿霞；

【导师】 苏德；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古师范大学 ， 教育管理， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 择校是我国各大中小城市普遍存在的问题，也是90年代以来我国基础教育研究的热点问题。所谓中小学择校，就是指家长放弃义务教育阶段适龄儿童按学区免费就近入学的优惠政策，主动选择其他学校就读的教育选择现象。择校现象愈演愈烈，已经成为基础教育发展过程中人们普遍关注、教育部门必须解决的热点和难点问题，成为教育体制改革的焦点问题。因此，对择校现象进行深入的研究，正本清源，澄清是非，正确认识择校问题，寻求有效解决途径是每一个教育工作者应该认真思考的一个问题，也是研究这一社会问题的出发点。 由择校引发的生源大战，在一定程度上造成了教育市场的混乱现象，影响了正常的办学秩序。同时，择校生的收费问题，也成为中小学高收费现象中最突出的一个社会问题。本文通过对呼和浩特市市区的义务教育阶段的择校现象现状的调查，分析其利弊，从内因和外因两个方面，对呼和浩特市的中小学择校现象的形成与激化乃至屡禁不止的原因进行分析和研究。择校现象的出现和发展并非偶然，是我国教育体制、经济发展以及长期以来形成的学校之间的巨大差距等诸多因素相互作用的结果。择校现象是社会主义初级阶段市场经济与知识经济交汇点的综合反映。 对于中小学择校现象，呼和浩特市政府及其主管部门采取了一系列措施，在制止择校现象，特别是择校生乱收费方面取得了一些成绩。然而，随着新政策的推行，由于一些设施不配套，特别是学校间差距的缩短进程缓慢，治本工作尚不到位，择校矛盾仍然没有解决，中小学各种择校现象仍然存在。本文通过对美、英、日、韩等国教育制度的介绍，特别是美国的基础教育作为重点研究，同时结合国内上海、天津等地治理中小学择校问题的有效措施和相关经验理解与思考，为解决呼和浩特市的择校现象提供一些借鉴和探明方向。 本文最后通过对我国现阶段义务教育的本质分析，透视择校现象的本质，揭示出在社会主义市场经济体制建立过程中，必须恪守义务教育“免收学费”、“就近入学”、“平等受教育”的原则。择校作为一种古今有之的社会现象，只要学校之间的差距还存在，这种现象还将存在下去。因此，解决择校需求也不应一味硬堵，而应当承认教育选择的合理性、现实性；同时，还必须提供制度化的机制，增强平等的进程，从教育权利、教育活动和教育结果几方面把握教育公平，将公民的正当择校权利同择校过程中出现的问题分开。加大教育投入，加强薄弱学校的建设，努力缩小校际间差距，强化就近入学政策。同时，加强对择校生的管理，扶持办好民办中小学校，从多种途径，多种形式来逐步解决择校现象。更多还原

【Abstract】 The phenomenon of school-choosing students is not only a hot spot in research of elementary education during 1990’s but also a general problem in all of cities in China. The phenomenon of school-choosing means that the parents refuse to be benefited by the policy for the elementary students studying closely according to living area without paying but choose the other school to study initiatively. With intensification of the school-choosing problem, it is becoming not only a hot and difficult problem which was general paid by people and was need to be resolved by Educational Department but also a hot in the educational reform. That’s why trying to study on the phenomenon clear up the right and wrong, reform radically, correctly realize the school-choosing problem and look for an effective solution Department but also a hot in the educational reform. That’s why trying to study on the phenomenon clear up the right and wrong, reform radically, correctly realize the school-choosing problem and look for an effective solution, is a responsibility one can not relinquish for each educationalist and a starting point for the study of this social problem.It is the fighting for student resource because of the school-choosing that makes the educational market in disorder. At the same time, the problem of students with charge for school-choosing is a most typicalproblem in the existing high-charge phenomena of primary and middle schools. In respect to the present situation of school-choosing in the city areas of Huhhot during the period of compulsory education, a investigation has been made on a background analysis of school-choosing problem from the inside to outside and the complicated reason for the formation, intensification of school-choosing problem in Huhhot where school-choosing cannot be forbidden time and again. It is not accidental phenomenon but a result of the interaction of educational system, economic development and great disparity between the schools for long term. It is also an overall reflection of intersection point for market economy in primary stage of socialism and learned economy.As to the problem of school choosing, Huhhot Municipal Government has taken some measure. In stopping the problem of school-choosing student, especially the problem of high charge from school-choosing students, stage fruits have been obtained. But with complementing of the new policy, radial measure a have not taken, especially the process of narrowing the difference between schools is quite low, the contradiction of school choosing students still exist. By understanding and considering Shanghai’s and Tianjin’s effective approach and experience in bringing under control the problem of school choosing students and introduction of education system in America, Britain, Japan and Korea compulsory education especially important research of American elementary education one can make out proposals and schemes for Huhhot’s problem of school-choosing.Finally, this article analyzes the basic spirit of our country’s compulsory education in present stage , and grasps the essence of the school choosing student phenomenon. It shows that the regulation on the compulsory education of without paying, studying closely, studying fairly must be obeyed during the construction of socialism market economy system. School-choosing is a social phenomenon for a long time. It will be still exist if there is disparity between schools. The rational tactics toward the demand for school choosing is not a bind stopping-up. On the contrary, one should admit the rationality and reality school choosing, provide a systematized mechanism, quicken the course of equality, seize the means of realizing equal opportunity from the aspects of education providing, educational opportunity, education using and educational achievements, differentiate the proper right to choose school from the problems emerging in the course of school choosing, increase education, extend chances for becoming useful persons, and establish a lifetime educational system; therefore solving the problem of school-choosing students in multiple channels and form.更多还原