【作者】 狄金华；

【导师】 钟涨宝；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 社会学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 土地产权的模糊与女性权益的“被剥夺”在当前的中国社会仍然是两个不容忽视的社会问题。而只有了解和掌握了女性对土地流转的贡献及其应有产权权益的被剥夺，才可能妥善地保障女性的权益，也才可能对当前土地产权制度给予正确客观的评价，并在此基础上探讨家庭联产承包责任制的完善与创新。 本研究主要采用问卷调查和个案访谈相结合的方法，以河北米村和湖北石村为例，对土地流转过程中女性的权益状况进行了实证研究。本研究共分为六个部分。 第一部分，主要是回顾了与本研究相关的一系列研究成果。 第二部分，主要阐述了本研究的研究设计，即理论依据、研究假设、研究内容与思路以及具体的研究方法。 第三部分，主要描述了调查样本村的基本概况以及村庄土地流转和土地政策的基本情况。 第四部分，主要探讨了土地流转的背景及原因。研究表明，由于农业的“内卷化”，农村家庭劳动力的不充分使用，使得农业生产的利润不高；随着城市劳动力市场的开放，农村中男性劳动力首先流转到非农产业，女性则被留下作为农业的必要劳动力，这导致了农业生产的“女性化”；当从事农业生产的机会成本逐渐提高时，作为农业必要劳动力的女性也开始脱离农业和土地，这便为土地流转的发生提供了空间。 第五部分，在描述土地流转过程中女性权益缺失状况的基础上，分析了造成这一现象的制度与非制度性因素，并着重考察了农民对于这一权益缺失状况的认知。研究发现，在土地流转过程中，女性的决策权、土地使用权、获益权都出现了不同程度的缺失，而对于女性在土地流转过程中权益被损的现象，女性与男性一样是“认可”的。 第六部分，在实证研究的基础上，提出了本研究的基本结论，并从文化(群体文化)和认知两方面作为切入点进行了社会学的分析。在此基础上，就如何保障女性的土地权益提出了几点建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nowadays the obscurity of the land ownership and the "deprivation" of the feminine rights are still two problems that can not be ignored in China society. Only after we have a good command of knowledge about the contributions that the women made to the land diversion, as well as the deprivation of their deserved ownership, could we properly guarantee the feminine rights and give a further objective evaluation towards the present land ownership system. Therefore, we could approach the improvement and innovation of the household contract responsibility system with remuneration on the basis of the above.This article adopting questionnaires as well as interviewing, chooses Mi village in Hebei province and Shi village in Hubei province as the investigation spots, and gives a study of facts about the feminine rights in the process of the land diversion. Specifically, this article has done research into the following six parts.Part I , overlooking a series of the research achievements related to this study.Part II, demonstrating the research design of this article, that is, thesis foundations, research hypothesis, research contents and thoughts, as well as the specific research methods.Part HI, describing the general situations of the sample village that was investigated, including the situations of land diversion and land policies in this village as well.Part IV, making an inquiry on the background and the reasons that results the land diversion. The research shows the agriculture production bears low profits, owing to the "involution" of agriculture and inadequacy of the rural household labors. What’s more, as the urban labor market opens, the male rural labors first divert to the non-agriculture industries, leaving women in the agriculture field as the necessary labors, which results in the "feminization" in the rural production. The rise of work-on-agriculture opportunity cost will gradually separate the female, the necessary labors in the countryside, from agriculture and land, which also leaves room for the occurrence of land diversion.Part V, based on the description of the lack of feminine rights, analyzing system and non-system factors which cause the phenomenon. It makes an investigation on the peasants’ recognition towards the lack of rights. The study found that in the process of land diversion the lack of feminine rights on decision, land use and benefit goes to different degrees. However, as for the phenomenon that the female rights are damaged in the land diversion process, both the male and the female show their "approval" .Part VI, on the basis of study of facts, putting forward the general conclusion and proceeding with sociological analysis from the aspects of culture (community culture) and recognition. Then, it makes several suggestions about how to guarantee feminine land rights.更多还原