【作者】 田军鹏；

【导师】 黄文；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 农产品加工及贮藏工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 地鳖虫，俗名土鳖虫，是一种传统的中药材，具有散血淤、消坚结、解凝活血、接骨续筋、消肿止痛、下乳通经等广泛的药理活性，早自秦汉时期我国劳动人民就开始用地鳖虫来预防和治疗疾病。地鳖虫“味咸、性寒、有微毒”，其毒性和某些药理活性可能来源于所含的生物碱，但是目前关于地鳖虫生物碱的分离提取和药理活性研究报道很少。为了探明地鳖虫中所含生物碱的类别和毒性，本文建立了地鳖虫总生物碱的提取方法，并对提取工艺进行了优化，同时对总生物碱进行分离纯化，利用现代分析技术对地鳖虫生物碱的类别和结构进行了初步研究，此外还对地鳖虫总生物碱的急性毒性和地鳖虫及地鳖虫生物碱粗品中的无机元素进行了分析研究，所得主要结论归纳如下： 1．地鳖虫生物碱提取工艺研究 比较了酸水提取法和乙醇提取法提取地鳖虫总生物碱的得率，结果表明采取酸水法提取得率较高。通过单因素试验和正交试验得出，在影响地鳖虫总生物碱提取得率的因素中，浸提液pH值和浸提温度最为显著，其次是料液比和浸提时间，最佳提取工艺条件为选用pH值2，料液比为1∶12(w／v)的稀盐酸溶液，80℃下提取120min。 2．地鳖虫生物碱分离纯化与鉴定 通过pH值梯度液液萃取、硅胶柱层析、薄层层析等方法对地鳖虫总生物碱进行分离纯化，得到7个生物碱组分，并应用紫外扫描、红外光谱、气相色谱质谱联用等技术对其结构进行分析。结果表明，地鳖虫中含有多种生物碱成分，其中甾体类生物碱1种，氨基酸衍生物类生物碱3种，哌啶类生物碱2种，其他类生物碱8种。 3．地鳖虫及其粗生物碱中的无机元素分析 采用ICP-OES法测定了地鳖虫及其生物碱粗品Ⅰ中的无机元素，结果显示，地鳖虫及其粗生物碱中均含有丰富的矿物元素钙、镁、铁、锌，此外还含有微量的有毒元素铅，经过分离后的生物碱粗品Ⅰ中铅含量显著降低。地鳖虫及其粗生物碱中均未检出微量有益元素硒。更多还原

【Abstract】 Dibiechong (Eupolyphaga sinensis Walker), the popular name is Tubiechong, English named EUPOLYPHAGA SEU STELEOPHAGA (ESS), is one traditional Chinese medicine. ESS has comprehensive pharmacology functions, such as dispersing the blood silt, lessening swollen area and promoting blood circulation, et al. Before the Qin and Han Dynasty, our people have used ESS to provent and treat deases. But, the ESS "taste salty, coldly and micro poisonously", which reported according to the literatures. The ESS toxicity and certain pharmacology activeness possibly originate from the alkaloids which contain, but very exiguous research report about the ESS alkaloids was published. In view of these, this article is about extracts, separation and purification method to the ESS total alkaloids, what is more, the ESS alkaloid category and structure have been conducted the preliminary study, in addition the acute toxicity analysis research of the ESS total alkaloids was conducted, and the inorganic elements in the ESS and its total alkaloids have been determined. The obtained main conclusions are as follows:1. Extracte technology of ESS total alkaloidsShuitiChunchen method (water as solvent) and ChuntiShuichen method (ethanol as solvent) were adopted to extract the ESS total alkaloids, and the results showed extract rate of ShuitiChunchen method is higher than that of ChuntiShuichen. According to the single factor experiment and the orthogonal experiment, it was found that pH value is the most important factor which influences ESS total alkaloid extraction, the others respectively are: pH value > temperature > solvent propertion >extract time, and the best extract condition for ESS total alkaloids is: pH2, materiel/solvent (g/ml) 1:12, 120 min, and 80℃.2. Isolation, purification and identification of ESS total alkaloidsThrough pH value gradient liquid extraction, silica gel column chromatographic analysis, thin layer chromatographic analysis carries on the separation and purification to the ESS total alkaloids, 7 alkaloid components were obtained, then their structures were studied by using ultraviolet scanning (UV), infrared spectrum (IR), gas chromatography mass spectrum (GC-MS) and so on. The results indicated that, in the ESS there are many kinds of alkaloid components, steroid alkaloid 1 kind, the amino acid derivate alkaloid 3 kinds, piperidine alkaloid 2 kinds, other kind of alkaloids 8.3. Analysis of elements in ESS and its total alkaloidsInorganic elements in the ESS and its total alkaloids were determined by utilizing ICP-OES, the result accuracy is reliable. The result showed that, the ESS and its total更多还原