【作者】 王力；

【导师】 侯太平；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 农药学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文对青藏高原东南部的川西北天然草地主要有毒植物进行了系统的调查与研究。考察了该地区有毒植物的种类、分布、危害情况，并进行有毒化学成分、用途、植物区系、生活型等方面的分析与资料整理，为该区有毒植物的进一步研究，尤其是有毒植物的农药活性研究、开发利用和防除提供指导。 考察整理了该区域天然草地有毒植物名录，统计出该区主要有毒植物235种，隶属于33科80属，所含主要毒物成分可分为生物碱、苷类化合物、萜类化合物、苯酮类化合物、酚类及其衍生物和简单有机物等六大类，在亚高山草甸草地中有毒植物分布最多，约有162种，其次是亚高山灌丛草甸草地、高山草甸草地、高山灌丛草甸草地和高寒沼泽化草甸草地。对本区235种有毒植物进行生活型统计表明，有毒植物中多年生草本植物种类占绝对优势，有176种，占川西北天然草地有毒植物总数的74.7％，其余的由多到少依次为：1年生草本植物27种，灌木26种，2年生草本植物6种。对青藏高原东南部天然草地上分布的有毒植物进行地理成分分析表明：该区有毒植物以温带科属为主；特有种、属少，仅有马尿泡属(Przewalskia)、独一味属(Lamiophlomis)等。对该区有毒植物对草地与牲畜的危害情况做了调查，危害比较大的有毒植物有瑞香狼毒、棘豆属、黄帚橐吾、露蕊乌头等。 调查研究为青藏高原东南部有毒植物的防除和开发利用奠定了基础。阐述了青藏高原东南部天然草地有毒植物的十种用途类型：药用植物，农药植物，芳香油植物，油脂植物，纤维植物，鞣料植物，淀粉植物，饲用植物，蜜源植物和观赏植物。 采集了大量的毒害植物标本，在实验室建立有毒有害植物标本库，为今后更多还原

【Abstract】 To ascertain the species, poisonous ingredients and distribution of poisonous plants in grassland in southeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, a thorough investigation was conducted in northwest of Sichuan. Species, distribution and harm of the poisonous plant were surveyed and principal poison ingredients, usage, floristic plant geography and life types were analysised and organized. That would help guiding the furthur research, especially in the pesticide activity field, exploiture, prevention and disposition of toxic plant in this area.A list of poisonous plants in this area was reported, revealing that there are 235 species of poisonous plants belonging to 33 families and 80 genera. The principal poison ingredients include alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, benzophenones, phenols and their derivatives, and simple organic matter mostly. These plants are distributed in subalpine meadow, subalpine thicket, alpine meadow, alpine thicket and alpine swamp meadow by order, and the majority of them, about 162 species are in subalpine meadow. Life form statistic of 235 kinds of toxic plants in this area showed that perennial herbaceous plants were absolutely preponderant, with 176 kinds. And the rest were annual herbaceous plants with 27 kinds, shrub with 26 kinds and biannial herbaceous plants with 6 kinds, degressively. The geographical component analysis of poisonous plants, which distributed in natural grassgland of the northwest of Sichuan, showed that most of them were temperate catagory, and few were special, except Przewalskia and Lamiophlomis. Poisounous plants’ harm更多还原