【作者】 成爱民；

【导师】 刘怀山；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 地球探测与信息技术， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 四川盆地东北部的镇巴地区位于扬子准地台北部边缘、碳酸盐岩出露区，地震资料采集非常困难。在高陡构造轴部一般出露石灰岩，地震资料往往难以得好，其反映在剖面上则形成信噪比极低的反射空白带，严重制约了这些地区的油气勘探工作。 该地区地震勘探中存在以下难点：①地表起伏大，山地植被发育，表层结构复杂，老地层出露，交通条件差，导致野外施工困难和静校正问题非常突出；②激发、接收条件普遍较差，原始单炮记录上多次折射干扰、面波、随机干扰和高频干扰等干扰波非常发育，而且复杂多变，有效反射能量相对较弱，资料信噪比低；③地下构造复杂，逆掩推覆作用使高角度老地层出露，造成速度拾取中的多解性和在时间方向上的反转，因而难以确定准确的叠加速度场，增加了处理难度；④高陡多断裂复杂构造，横向速度变化大，难以准确地叠加成像和偏移归位；⑤深层地震地质条件差，由于山地勘探程度较低、资料少、认识程度较低，深层中生界反射内幕和基底反射不清晰，阻碍了深层勘探和认识的深入。 对于地表及地下条件均十分复杂、碳酸盐岩出露的镇巴地区而言，其物探工作成功的关键是寻求合适的地震装备、运载工具和物探数据的采集、处理和解释的技术方法。同时，针对工区地震地质条件复杂性及多变性的特点，因地制宜，灵活、严格地利用正演模拟来确定镇巴地区碳酸盐岩出露区的观测系统，是取得高质量地震资料和高勘探效益的先决条件。 碳酸盐岩出露区野外采集方法研究主要采取的技术措施有： (1)、研究四川盆地碳酸盐岩出露地区的地质特征与地表特征，深入发掘以往施工中存在的问题，取得对镇巴地区采集方法的进一步认识。 (2)、结合近年来出现的各种新技术，针对增强下传能量和提高分辨率，开展山地采集方法研究工作。 本文主要研究了以下几个方面的内容： (1)、对以往攻关工作进行调查与回顾，分析研究在该区所采用采集方法的活用性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Zhenba mountainous region, which is of carbonate rocks, is located in the northeastern Sichuan Basin, on the northern border of Yangzi paraplatform, and the seismic acquisition there is very difficult. Since carbonates are often exposed at the axis of the extremely steep structure, the data are always of poor quality, which is shown on seismic profile as blank reflection section, and it restricts the gas/oil exploration in this area.The difficulties of the seismic exploration in this area are: ①Serious surface fluctuation, overgrowing mountainous vegetation, complex surface structure, outcrops of ancient formation and poor traffic condition all cause the difficulties of field acquisition and static correction; ②Exciting and receiving conditions are both poor, and there are a lot of multi-refraction disturbance, surface wave, random disturbance and high-frequency disturbance in the original single shot profile. These disturbances are complex and various, so the reflection energy is relatively weak and the data is of low s/n ratio; Since the sub-surface structure is complex, and the overthrust nappe makes the ancient formation outcrops with high angle develop, they often cause multi-solutions in the speed extraction and reversion in the time axis. then it is very difficult to decide the stacking velocity field and process the data; ④Extremely steep and complex fractural structures make the formation speed extremely vary laterally, which influences the precision of stacking imaging and migration; ⑤Since the deep seismic geological condition is poor, the mountainous formation exploration is often undeveloped, lack of data and poorly acknowledged, moreover, the inner reflections of the Mesozoic and the basement are not clear, and these block the further study of the deep formation exploration and understanding.For the carbonate outcrops Zhenba with complex surface and sub-surface conditions, the key factors of geophysical exploration are appropriate seismic equipment, transport tool, the acquisition, processing and interpreting methods of the geophysical exploration data. At the same time, based on the complexity and the variety of the field seismic geological conditions, adjusting and employing the forward-simulation model to decide the layout system for the carbonate outcrops in更多还原