【作者】 李乐；

【导师】 李兰生；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 环境工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 农药在农业生产中的重要地位不言而喻,但是由于农药的毒性,带来了诸如生态破坏、水、土壤、空气的污染。农药使用后必然会产生残留,残留超过一定限度,则会通过富集作用危害人体健康。很多国家都面临由于农残引起的食品安全问题。迄今,针对水体、土壤中的各种农残污染物的处理,国内外相关领域已展开了一些研究工作,探讨了各种降解或处理途径,主要有微生物法、光化学法和物理化学法。生物修复方法具有无毒、无残留、无二次污染等优点,是消除和解毒高浓度农药残留的一种安全、有效、廉价的方法。光合细菌是地球上最早出现的一种利用光能在厌氧条件下进行光合作用生长发育的有益微生物,它分布广泛,除能利用不产氧的光合作用合成自身营养物质外,还在处理污水,加快水质净化方面有重要的利用价值。本文通过研究光合细菌对农药废水降解处理的效果,探讨光合细菌处理农药废水的可行性,进一步扩大光合细菌的应用范围,为大量农药废水的处理提供一条新的途径。另外通过研究光合细菌增殖培养技术,在较短时间内获得光合细菌的快速生长,从而能用简便、快速、经济的方法达到废水处理的目的。本论文共分七部分,第一章介绍了我国农药污染的现状,农药的分类,以及常用的处理方法。第二章介绍了有机磷降解微生物的相关内容,包括微生物的种类、分布、来源、影响降解的因素,以及微生物降解的机制等。第三章为光合细菌及其应用方面的介绍,主要是光合细菌处理废水的原理和在环境保护中的应用。第四章为光合细菌增殖培养的实验。研究了pH值、外加碳源、光照和氧气对光合细菌生长的影响,并创新地研究了两种动物激素对光合细菌生长的影响。第五章是光合细菌降解有机磷农药的相关试验。主要包括光合细菌在不同浓度有机磷农药中的生长情况,光合细菌对有机磷农药营养物质的利用,以及光合细菌对有机磷农药(氧化乐果)的降解三个方面。第六章是固定化光合细菌处理有机磷农药(氧化乐果)的相关试验。在前面研究光合细菌增殖的基础上用固定化材更多还原

【Abstract】 Pesticides plays an improtant role in modern agriculture. At the same time some serious ecological problems are caused by pesticides,including soil pollution,water pollution and air pollution.Pesticides used in agriculture would produce residues of pesticides. When the concentration exceeds the permissive concentration,people will suffer from disaeses induced by toxic substances.Most countries in the world are faced with the problem of food safety related to remediation of pecticides. Congsequently, researches on the new methods for water and soil purification is developed in different ways,including physical,chemical and biological treatment.The advantages of biological treatment are nonpoisonous,with no residue and post-pollution.It`s a safe,effective,low-priced method to theredidues of pesticide with high density.Photosynthetic bacteria(psb) ,which appear firstly in the earth,could utilize light energy to grow.There are many processes that treating organic wastewater by psb or immobilized psb,but there are little research about this process to remove pesticides.This thesis about the degradation of pestide by psb in waste water. the feasibility and the effection of treatment are discussed.This thesis consists of 7 chapters.The first chapter is an introduction to the current situation of pollution induced by pesticides in our country,the classification of pesticide, and commonly used degradation methods; Chapter two is about organophosphates(OPS) degrading microorganism, including the kind , distribution , source of microorganism,influence factor to degradation, and mechanism of biodegradation;The introduction of photosynthetic bacterium and application, mainly the principle of dealing with waste water and application in更多还原