【作者】 杨海敬；

【导师】 韦藤幼；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 化学工艺， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 共沸精馏是常用的化工分离方法之一，常用于恒沸物或近恒沸物的分离。在对比综述了多种分离乙醇—水体系方法的基础上，发现由于共沸精馏具有生产连续、机械化程度高、产量大、消耗能源品位低、产品纯度高等优点，在目前诸多的生产无水乙醇的工艺中占主要地位，是工业化生产无水乙醇的主要方法。 在共沸精馏生产无水乙醇的工艺中，常用的带水剂有：苯、环己烷、戊烷等。苯是较传统的一种带水剂，其工艺已比较成熟，但由于苯有剧毒，不能生产用于化妆品、医药和国防等用的无水乙醇，因此本文选用毒性较小的环己烷做带水剂。由于共沸精馏的操作过程要求比较高，任何生产条件的波动都可能使共沸点发生偏移，从而影响产品浓度。本文采用部分冷凝内回流技术，通过把精馏段的上部改造为具有部分冷凝作用的精馏段，采用外部冷却介质冷却回流。部分冷凝内回流技术具有回流量内部自动调节、控制响应速度快、操作能耗低等优点，可使共沸精馏塔的操作弹性和稳定性明显提高。 本文运用Aspen Plus流程模拟软件对乙醇—水—环己烷体系共沸精馏塔进行模拟计算，优化出最佳工艺参数，并与苯做带水剂的情况作对比，得到了在不同夹带剂、相同产品流量下，回流比、加热负荷等操作参数对更多还原

【Abstract】 Azeotropic distillation is one of important methods in chemical industry, which was widely used in the separation of azeotrope. On the basis of summarizing separation methods of ethanol-water system, it was found that the method of azeotropic distillation to produce anhydrous alcohol has lots of advantages such as continuous operation, higher yield and purity of product, lower energy consumption and so on. At present it is the important way and the most popular process of industrial processing of anhydrous alcohol.In the production technology of anhydrous alcohol with azeotropic distillation, entrainers which commonly used are benzene 、 cyclohexane and pentane etc. Benzene is a traditional kind of entrainer and has been widely used, but it can’t be used to produce anhydrous alcohol that applied in cosmetics pharmaceutical, national defence and so on because of its toxicity. In this article, cyclohexane was selected as an entrainer for its less toxicity. In practical azeotropic distillation operations, a small fluctuation of operation process parameter may has great effect on the distillations stability which would make the azeotropic point deflected and result in the product更多还原