【作者】 孙玲芳；

【导师】 魏延刚；

【作者基本信息】 大连交通大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 轮对是机车走行部分中重要而关键的部件之一，它几乎承受着机车的全部重量和载荷。随着机车向高速重载方向发展，机车的安全问题日益成为人们关心的话题。 当前我国运用的轮对，有不少轮对的失效形式为车轴表面出现裂纹，它带来安全隐患的同时也造成巨大的经济损失。例如，宝鸡段中期修检机车时拆检SS7C机车时，对车轴进行磁粉探伤，发现车轴表面因裂纹而出现聚粉现象，抱轴箱轴承座台阶处有较强烈的塑性变形。为了解决这一问题，设计人员以及研究者们做了许多的研究工作，但因其复杂的受力状态等原因，到目前为止还没有完全解决这一难题。 有限元技术的发展为经典弹塑性理论无法解决的复杂应力问题提供了重要方法。本文以SS7C型电力机车的轮对为例，根据接触力学理论，考虑轮对的结构和载荷情况进行建模，对机车的轮对进行比较全面的弹塑性有限元分析。针对轮对不同装配过程进行分析，模拟了温差法装配过程和压装法装配过程，分析了过盈量和空心度对应力的影响，通过比较分析，优化出合理的过盈量和空心度范围，为下一步的研究分析做准备。针对轮对不同工况载荷进行分析，分析了轮对在各种载荷工况条件下应力的分布情况，找出应力最大的位置即危险部位，从理论上提出降低应力、提高寿命的措施。另外，还针对轴毂配合处不同建模方式进行分析讨论，说明有限元建模是否准确非常重要。本文在用有限元方法对机车轮对进行有限元分析的过程中，考虑了材料塑性对车轴与轮对强度和寿命的影响，研究结果对各种机车轮对都有借鉴意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The wheel and shaft is one of the most important parts in locomotives since it almost supports all the weight and load of locomotive. With the development of high speed and heavy load of locomotives, the safety of the locomotives are more concerned by people.The expired forms of many shafts and wheels are cracks, which not only brings dangers but also economic lost. For example, accumulating powder is found in some shafts when shafts are repaired in Baoji locomotive factory, and the phenomena of powder accumulation are caused by cracks. To solute the difficulty, a lot of work has been done by many designers and researchers, but some problems haven’t been solved yet because of their complex load state.Now, the development of finite element technology offers an important method to solve the complicated stress problems that can’t be resolved by classical elastic-plastic theories. In this dissertation ABAQUS software is used to model SS7 locomotive wheel and shaft according to the load condition and the structure of wheel and shaft. The processing of differential temperature method and crushing method are simulated to get the effect of interference range and hollow ratio to stress. By analyzing, appropriate range of interference range and hollow ratio are figured out. What is more, the danger situation of the shaft and wheel is found by analyzing the stress and strain distribution under the condition of different working condition. Besides, by discussing the different modeling methods, the importance of modeling method is showed. So all the elastic and plastic FE analysis are very practical and supply theory basis to design and manufacture of locomotive wheel and shaft.更多还原