【作者】 周广军；

【导师】 丁伟； 莫忠强；

【作者基本信息】 大庆石油大学 ， 化学工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 油水过渡层乳状液为稠油状液体,外观呈黄褐色或灰黑色,界面多凹凸不平,既有油包水又有水包油部分,在铁制搅拌头上产生较多吸附。中间过渡层的组成主要是由腐蚀产生的金属硫化物、原油组分中的天然乳化剂环烷酸,与增产措施加入的乳化剂、并且有少量机械杂质和重质油性物。这些物质广泛分布于油田联合站来液介质和脱后水及原油中,并具有束缚水、导电性强的特点。抑制剂抑制机理研究是药剂研究的主要方面,包括物理方面和化学方面。物理方面应用界面物质顶替、界面张力降低、萃取、相似相容等原理;化学方面主要应用高级氧化、螯合与沉淀的转化,复分解等反应。用均匀设计思想,对抑制剂组成进行优化,确定最佳配比:主剂35%～45%;混合溶剂50%～60%;催化剂2%～15%。电脱水器油水过渡层抑制剂的现场应用试验是检验过渡层抑制剂研究成败的关键,通过对试验站的试验前、中、后的用药方式,用药量、工艺运行参数进行跟踪调查、记录的结果表明:过渡层抑制剂在现场应用,在加药位置不变的情况下,以加药量不变或降低为前提,使油水分离器和电化学脱水器得到平稳运行。较好的解决了原油生产无法正常进行的生产急需,同时还有降低脱水温度和污水含油量的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Oil/water transition layer emulsion is a yellow-brown,gray-black, heavy oil-like liquid. Its interface is O/W and W/O emulsions, and adsorbs on iron agitators. The middle transition layer consists metal sulfured, natural emulsifier naphthenic acid from crude oil, emulsifiers added, little amount of mechanical admixture and heavy oil. These materials distributes in the coming liquids of oilfield combination station and dehydrated crude oil, they have thecharacteristics of strong conductivity and irreducible water effect.Study on depressing mechanism of depressant includes physical and chemical aspects. The physical aspect includes using interface matter substitution, lowering interfacial tension, extraction and the principle of“like dissolves like”; the chemical aspect is to using higher oxidation method, conversion of chlating and precipitation, replacement reaction, et al. The composition of the depressant were optimized by uniform design and optional mixture ratio were determined: main constituent 35%～45%, mixed solvent 50%～60%, catalyst 2%～15%.The field application experiment of oil/water transition layer depressant was the key to determine the effectiveness of transition layer depressant .Through the tracking study and investigation of ways and amounts of adding chemicals, processing parameter of the experiment station, results showed that with the site of adding chemicals unchanged, the amounts of adding chemicals unchanged or lowered, the oil water separator and electric-chemical dehydration system run evenly.更多还原