【作者】 毕佳明；

【导师】 吴群；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 电磁场与微波技术， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 作为毫米波制导技术的一个重要发展方向,相控阵制导技术中的相控阵天线是采用电控方式扫描波束,扫描速度快、波束控制灵活、抗干扰能力强等,可以同时完成目标搜索、跟踪、引导等多项功能,能工作在日益复杂和恶化的工作环境中。相控阵天线利用移相器补偿信号到达辐射单元时间的差异,从而控制波束方向;天线没有机械旋转问题,只需改变移相器的设定值,波束便可以在毫秒级内扫描其覆盖空域内的任何地方,提高了天线对目标的跟踪速度,是目前武器系统天线的发展方向。共形微带天线具有不额外占用空间和对飞行姿态影响小等优点,其在航空、制导等领域具有很大的吸引力,所以对共形相控阵微带天线的研究具有重要的工程价值和国防意义。尤其在毫米波段这样高的频率下设计共形相控阵天线是具有挑战性的课题。本论文主要包括共形相控阵天线理论分析、共形阵列微带贴片单元的设计、毫米波共形相控阵阵列的设计与分析等三部分内容。以相控阵技术的发展应用为背景,介绍了毫米波共形相控阵的特点以及国内外的研究现状及发展趋势。等幅等距分布的辐射单元单独工作时形成的辐射场,叠加后可得到相控阵天线的阵列波瓣。通过“实虚空间”的概念,分析了扫描中的阵列波瓣,总结给出相控阵天线的方向性系数。本文根据微带天线设计理论,分析了平面和柱面两种微带贴片单元,其中柱面微带贴片单元增益高、厚度小、谐振频率高、方向图均匀,且较易加工制作在弹体上,适合在相控阵天线中做共形辐射单元。在此基础上,将CST电磁仿真和MATLAB软件编程计算相结合,分析了16×8和16×16共形相控阵阵列的扫描特性,阵列的增益以及波束宽度等参数符合设计指标的要求,轴向最大扫描角度为±45°。最后,讨论了周向3个单元之间的互耦问题。本文所作的分析设计为今后的进一步工作打下了扎实的基础,也为以后进行相似的共形相控阵天线设计提供了重要的参考依据。因此本课题对于相控阵技术的发展具有重要的指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the vital development of the millimeter wave guidance technology, phased array antennas use electrical control scanning beam, which results to faster scanning velocity, more flexible beam control and higher anti-interference ability. Thus it can realize target seeking, tracing, guidance at the same time, and can work in the complex and worsening condition. With compensation of signal’s time delay from different radiating element by phase shifters, phased-array antenna can control array beam easily. Because there are no mechanical devices for rotating beam, the phased-array antenna system can scan everywhere in beam covered areas in millisecand by stepping the phase shifters. It improves the tracking velocity of antenna towards the object, and becomes the development trends of weapon system antennas.Conformal microstrip antennas occupies no extra space,and have the great attraction in the area of aviation and guidance, so the study of conformal phased array microstrip antenna has one of the most important engineering value and defense purpose. Especially, designing conformal phased array antenna in such high frequency is a challenge subject.This paper consists of 3 sections: the theory and analysis of the conformal phased array, design of conformal array microstrip patch, and design and analysis of the millimetre microstrip conformal phased array. Based on the technology of phased array antenna application and development, this paper described the characteristic of the millimetre microstrip conformal phased array, the art-of-state and development trends both domestic and abroad.Phased-array radiation lobe is superposed by isometric array element with constant amplitude. Using the concept of real and imaginary space, the scanning lobe is researched. The directivity coefficient of the phased array antenna has been generalized and discussed. According to the formulations of microstrip antenna design theory, planar and cylindrical microstrip patch cell has been analyzed . We can conclude that the cylindrical microstrip patch cell has the performance of high gain, low thickness, high resonant frequency, uniform directivity diagram, and easy fabrication on missile body, so it is a good choice更多还原