【作者】 杨朴；

【导师】 史明昌；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 地图学与地理信息系统， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 坝系是以小流域为单元,为充分利用水沙资源,在沟道中修建的以滞洪、拦泥、淤地为目的的淤地坝工程体系。人工进行坝系规划时,在流域特征分析如面积量算、提取沟谷线、绘制沟道断面等方面费时、费力、效率低下,如果涉及坝系调洪计算复杂程度就更大。如何采用科学有效的方法提高规划设计效率,科学、高效地进行坝系规划是提高坝系设计与管理现代化的关键。本文以黄土高原坝系规划为研究背景,研究了基于GIS的坝系规划时空模型,考虑了沟道在不同的淤地坝建设时序,建设规模下引起的洪水、泥沙的再分配,以及坝系建设对下游输水量的影响,完成了人工坝系规划所不能完成的工作。研究以坝系平衡理论为理论依据,在对现有坝系建设资料的分析整理的基础上,结合野外实地调查,对坝系建设进行了抽象,在对模型进行必要的假设之后,分小流域地形模型和坝系规划专业模型两类进行介绍,详细描述了坝系规划专业模型的各子模型的功能、接口、返回值与模型的建立方法,最终建成小流域坝系规划时空计算机模型。应用结果表明,该模型能够模拟坝系规划所要考虑的各种条件,模拟了坝系的建设规律。如坝系的建设时序、洪水在坝系中的运动,实现了坝系洪水的整体调洪。结果正确、可行。通常的人工规划,需要两三个人花费2至3个月的时间,而采用这个模型进行坝系规划,包括野外调查在内,大概一周时间既能完成,效率提高明显。该项研究为国家黄土高原坝系规划设计与决策提出了一个科学简便、形象直观的可视化分析方法,提高了坝系规划的效率,减少成本。同时为坝系建设提供科学的技术方法,提高坝系的生态、经济以及社会效益,对黄河流域水资源可持续利用、生态安全、黄土高原生态环境和社会经济可持续发展均具有重要意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Dam system is composed of small watershed. It’s a silt-retention dam project which is built in the valley for purposes of flood detention, sediment storage and silt retention. There are some shortages in area measure, valley line distilling, valley cross section drawing and other watershed characters analysis when planning manually, such as time consumed, hard sledding, low efficiency. It’s more complex when relates to flood regulation routing. It’s a key to improve dam system designing and managing level using efficient and scientific means. This paper studies spatio-temporal model based on GIS under the background of dam system planning in Loess Plateau. The study takes the influence of dam building order, flood, distributing of sedimentation and downstream water delivery into account, finishes the work that can’t be done manually. Based on the equilibrium theory, the study combines analysis of the data already have with field investigation, abstracts the construction of dam system. After necessary hypothesis, the model is divided into little valley topographical model and professional model of dam system planning. This paper particularly illuminates each sub-system’s function, interface, return and method of model construction of professional model of dam system planning, finally constructs spatio-temporal computer model of dam system planning.The application result indicates that the model can simulate all conditions that must be considered and build orderliness when planning dam system, such as order of dam building, flood’s movement in whole dam system. It realizes the flood regulation of whole dam system, and the result is right and feasible. Usually the work which will cost two or three men two to three months completing, when use this model, it will be finished in a week, including field investigation. The efficiency is high improved. This study will offer a scientific, handy and visual means for dam system planning and designing, improve work efficiency and save a lot of cost. At the same time, it will offer a scientific technical method of dam system building, improve ecological benefit, economic benefit and social benefit. It’s very important for sustainable utilization of water resources, ecology safe, entironment of Loess Plateau and sustainable development of social economy.更多还原