【作者】 罗建花；

【导师】 开桂云； 刘波；

【作者基本信息】 南开大学 ， 光学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 光纤光栅作为一种新型的传感器件,从它问世之日起就受到人们的广泛关注,在二十多年中实现了突飞猛进的发展。随着光纤光栅技术的不断完善发展,其在传感器领域的应用研究越来越引起人们的重视。光纤光栅传感器除了具有重量轻、耐腐蚀、抗电磁干扰、灵敏度高、结构紧凑等优点外,还有其独特的优越性,如探头尺寸小,其直径与光纤等同;易于与光纤耦合,耦合损耗小;波长调制型,抗干扰能力强;集传感与传输于一体且具有极强的复用能力,易于构成传感网络;测量对象广泛,易于实现多参数传感测量等等。这是基于上述其他传统传感器无可比拟的优点,使得光纤光栅传感器近年来在复合材料及混凝土结构状态检测、电力工业、医学以及能源化工等实际应用领域都取得了长足的进展。本论文是在国家科技部863计划项目、天津市科技重大攻关项目、天津市科委重点基金项目等的支持下完成的,主要研究内容有:1对传感技术进行了概要叙述,重点介绍了光纤传感技术和光纤光栅传感技术的现状和发展。对光纤光栅的发展、光纤光栅的分类和当前的一些光纤光栅的写入技术以及光纤光栅在光通信领域和传感领域的应用,作了简单介绍。2介绍了光纤光栅的理论特性分析,并分别利用耦合模理论、传输矩阵法和傅立叶变换法对各类型光纤光栅(布拉格光栅、长周期光栅、啁啾光栅)的光谱特性进行了分析。并详细介绍了光纤光栅传感中的解调技术以及复用技术。3在研究光纤光栅传感技术的基础上,针对工程化实际应用要求,初步设计制作了适合工程化应用的光纤光栅温度、应变传感器。对温度、应变传感器的传感原理和封装结构及工艺研究分别做了详细介绍。对大量实验数据的分析结果表明,我们所研制的温度、应变传感器基本达到了工程化实用的要求。4利用光纤光栅作为基本传感元件,设计研制了一种基于轮辐式压力盒装置的光纤光栅压力传感器。我们将两根不同波长的光栅粘贴在传感器同一轮辐的正反面上,提高了测量精度,减少了波长随温度漂移带来的影响。在0～30KN的范围内,其测量线性度达到99.98%,灵敏度达到13.89N,且响应速度快。与其它类型的光纤光栅压力传感器相比,轮辐式光纤光栅压力传感器具有更大的测量范围、更高的稳定性,更好的抗干扰能力。并且由于光纤光栅本身更多还原

【Abstract】 As a new-type sensing element,fiber grating has gained abroad attention from it’s appearance and achieved high-speed development in the last 20 years. With the development of fiber grating technology, study on the application of FBG sensor has got more recognition.As a new component of sensor , fiber grating have many instinctive advantages, such as light in weight, anti-cauterization, anti-interference in electromagnetism, high-sensitivity and compaction in construction. It is very easy to be coupled with fibers and the coupling-loss is slight. Using fiber grating’s character of sensitivity for stress; people have done some envelope experiments on structural systems (such as storied buildings, bridge, railway and dam). Real-time detection and monitoring to stress (or strain) of structural systems have been put into effect. Martial researches in fiber grating hydrophone have also been developed.With the subjects supported by National Nature Science Fund Committee, Tianjin Science Committee, the main contents of this paper are as following:1 Depict generally on the sensor technique, and put emphases on the present situation and development of fiber and fiber Bragg grating sensor technique. Introduced briefly the developments, classification and the recent fabrication technology of fiber gratings. The application of fiber gratings in the fields of optical communication and the sensing are presented simply in this dissertation.2 Several theory analysis methods for properties of fiber gratings are presented including the coupled-mode theory, transfer matrix approach, multi-film method and Fourier transfer method. These methods have their own characteristics and scope of application. The methods of demodulation and multiplex technique used in fiber grating sensor are introduced in this dissertation.3 Using the FBG as the basic sensor unit, designed and fabricated fiber grating temperature and strain sensors which can be used for engineering application.更多还原