【作者】 徐立峰；

【导师】 陆阿明；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 运动人体科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 研究儿童少年动作技能的年龄和性别特征,对我国儿童少年运动技能发展水平的了解和评定,指导教学训练均有着重要的意义。本文以苏州市区300名在校普通中小学生为研究对象,使用JVC9800高速摄像机以100fps的速度拍摄,采用德国SIMI-motion录像解析系统对儿童少年立定跳远技能的运动学参数进行了研究。结果显示:(1)儿童少年立定跳远技能水平随年龄增大逐渐提高,在13-14岁和17-18岁出现增长的敏感期。女子14岁之前技能水平随着年龄的增加而增加,14以后出现停滞并略有下降。(2)立定跳远各阶段所用时间除腾空时间外与跳远远度关系不大。(3)儿童少年在完成立定跳远起跳动作时,关节活动存在着明显的顺序。13岁前男子以伸髋开始,依次是膝、踝,13岁以后以及女子表现为先是膝关节蹬伸,依次是髋、踝。(4)同年龄立定跳远技能水平高组和低组间比较发现:在蹬伸起跳与落地阶段主要运动学指标均存在显著性差异。结论:(1)儿童少年在完成过程中,技能水平呈现出明显的年龄和性别特征。(2)同年龄儿童少年立定跳远技能高、低者在起跳和落地阶段运动学参数存在着显著差异,表明起跳和落地过程是立定跳远动作的核心部分。(3)影响儿童少年立定跳远技能水平的主要运动学参数有下肢关节活动幅度、蹬伸和落地时关节角速度、起跳角度和落地角度等。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective: There are some important meaning to understand and appraise the level of development of juvenile`s movement skills in our country, also to guide the teaching disciplined through by researching the characteristics of age and sex of juvenile,s movement skills.Method: The researching is focused on 300 primary school and middle school students in Suzhou city, the skill of standing long jump of them were taken by JVC9800 high speed camera with 100 fps, the kinematics parameter of standing long jump skill of juveniles were meared by SIMI-motion video analytical system made in Germany.Results:1. The distance of standing long jump is increased followed the age, that means the age is older the distance is longer, and there are two sensitive specified time of increasing which is 13-14 and 17-18 years old. The level of skill of girls is increased followed the age before 14 years old, stop or decreasing after 14.2. The time using in each stages of standing long jump has no relationship with the distance of jump except the time of soaring up.3. When the child is completing the movement of standing long jump, there is a clear sequence existed in actions of joints. The boys before 13 years old is followed a sequence from the hip extending to knee and ankle, after that, they followed a sequence from the knee extending to hip and ankle, which is like the girls did.4. To contrast the skill of high level students and the low level students in same age, it shows that: The target of kinematics had remarkable during taking off and landing.更多还原