黄芪营养特性及其养分状况对总黄酮和多糖的影响研究

【作者】 黄毅；

【导师】 魏成熙；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 植物营养学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 以中草药黄芪为研究材料，探讨了黄芪属药用植物黄芪的营养特性及其养分状况对黄芪总黄酮和多糖含量的影响。 1、膜荚黄芪地上和地下部分N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn等营养元素含量具有季节性变化规律。黄芪地上部分N、P、K元素的变化规律由元素的移动性和黄芪的生物学特征所决定，随着生长季节的变化N、P、K元素含量变化总体呈现先减少后增加随后减少的趋势。中量元素和微量元素的含量随着生长有所增加，但是波动不大。黄芪地下部分N、P、K元素的变化规律由其生物学特征所决定，随着生长季节的变化N、P元素含量变化总体呈现前期减少，中期缓慢增加，后期急剧增加的趋势。K元素含量变化趋势生长初期减少，随后在一个相对较小范围内变动。地下部分中量和微量元素的含量随着生长有略微的增加，但是波动不大。 2、不同生长期膜荚黄芪根中N、P含量与总黄酮、多糖含量之间呈现明显的正相关关系，而K元素含量与总黄酮、多糖含量之间呈现一定的负相关关系。不同生长期根中N、P的含量变化趋势相同，都是萌动期N、P含量多较高，营养生长期急剧降低，生殖生长期至果期又少量的增加，到枯萎期后有急剧上升。K元素的含量在整个生长期相对稳定。黄酮和多糖的含量变化趋势与N、P的变化趋势基本一致。通过相关分析表明：不同生长期黄芪根中N、P元素的含量变化与总黄酮和多糖的含量变化呈现极显著的正相关关系。K元素的含量变化与总黄酮和多糖的含量的变化呈现负相关关系。 3、三年生膜荚黄芪不同采收时期黄芪根中总黄酮和多糖含量有显著差异，以11月的有效成分含量最高，黄芪总黄酮和多糖的含量分别为3.385(mg／g)、54.348(mg／g)，因此黄芪的最佳采收时间为当年11月。 4、不同产地土壤中营养元素对膜荚黄芪根中总黄酮、多糖含量具有一定的影响。各产地和种类的黄芪中有效成分的含量差异也比较大。各产地蒙古黄芪总黄酮的含量是河北＞黑龙江＞山西＞内蒙古，膜荚黄芪总黄酮的含量是黑龙江＞吉林＞以新疆＞河北＞宁夏＞陕西＞山西＞甘肃＞内蒙古＞四川；蒙古黄芪多糖的含量是内蒙古＞黑龙江＞河北＞山西，膜荚黄芪多糖的含量是宁夏＞陕西＞吉林＞新疆＞甘肃＞山西＞黑龙江＞河北＞四川＞内蒙古。通过相关分析表明：各生长环境土壤中P元素含量与黄芪更多还原

【Abstract】 The nutritional characteristics and the relations of nutrient status with the total flavonoid and polysaccharide were studied in Radix Astragali1、Seasonal Changes of Contents of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), potassium(K), Calcium(Ca), magnesium(Mg), Iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) , copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in above-ground organs and below-ground organs of Radix Astragali。 Changes of Contents of N, P and K was decided by the mobile of elements and the biological characteristics.with the development of season, N, P and K elemental contents was decline , then increased and decreased at the subsequent. The contents of trace elements and mesne elements changed gently in the growing season.Changes of Contents of N, P and K was decided by the biological characteristics. With the changes in the growing season, N and P elemental content reduced at first, increased gentle in the middle of period and rise sharply at the subsequent. The content of K decreased at the initial period and that was stable relatively at subsequent. The contents of trace elements and mesne elements in below-ground organs showed a slight increase in growth, but little fluctuations.2、 The relation with the N, P, K contents and the total flavonoid and polysaccharide contents in Radix Astragali root at the growing period. N and P contents was the same trends at different period of root. The contents of N and P were higher at the neither period, decreased sharply in because nutrition, increased gentle from the reproductive season to the fruiting , increased sharply at wither period. K content charged stable relatively. The trend of the total flavonoid and polysaccharide was the same of N and P. Relevant analysis shows that the contents of N, P and the total flavonoid and polysaccharide contents were related positive separately, the contents of K and the total flavonoid and polysaccharide contents were related negative in Radix Astragali root .3、Remarkable effect of the content the total flavonoid and polysaccharide in Radix Astragali root at the different period, the total flavonoid and polysaccharide content were significant differences at the different harvest periods. Effective ingredients were higher in November, the total the total flavonoid and polysaccharide contents were 3. 385(mg/g)and 54. 348(mg/g). So the best harvest time of Radix Astragali is in November.4、The relation with growth environment and the total flavonoid and polysaccharide contents in Radix Astragali root. Effective ingredients content differences are considerable in Radix Astragali, the total flavonoid content of different origin Astragalus membranaceus ( Fisch. ) Bge. var. mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao was Hebei>Heilongjiang>Shanxi>更多还原