天然气脱硫装置工艺模拟及优化设计技术研究

【作者】 张燃；

【导师】 李长俊；

【作者基本信息】 西南石油大学 ， 油气储运工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 天然气是一种优质清洁能源和重要的化工原料。目前世界天然气的储量十分丰富，据估计天然气的最终可采储量约为327.4×10¹²m³，非常规天然气资源约为1390×10¹²～4430×10¹²m³。到21世纪中期，人类社会将正式步入“天然气时代”。但在部分天然气中含有H₂S、CO₂等酸性气体，它们对工、农业生产和人民生命财产安全都具有重大的危害，因此天然气脱硫是天然气工业中的一个重要环节。随着石油、天然气勘探开发逐步向复杂、高风险油气藏等领域发展，高含硫气藏的开采与相关配套技术逐渐成为热门研究课题。本文主要研究目的就是通过对天然气脱硫装置进行工艺模拟和优化设计，得到合理的脱硫装置主要工艺设计参数，进而降低天然气处理成本、提高系统整体运行效果。 本文首先介绍了天然气脱硫工艺的研究现状与进展，通过对比研究，选用MDEA选择性脱硫工艺作为本文的研究对象。针对脱硫过程中H₂S、CO₂等非烃含量高的问题，采用SHBWR状态方程建立了适用于天然气脱硫装置的物性计算模型。 从MDEA选择性脱硫工艺的基本反应原理和工艺流程出发，利用从设备到单元再到系统的建模思想，分别建立起了分离器、吸收塔、节流阀、闪蒸罐、换热器、再生塔、泵等模块的模拟数学模型，并分析了部分计算实例。在此基础上，利用序贯模块法的思想建立起天然气脱硫装置系统工艺模拟数学模型，并采用预处理正交极小法求解该系统中的大型矩阵。 利用经济评价和模拟计算相结合的办法，在对脱硫装置进行适当假设和简化的前提下，根据系统协调和国家相关政策性法规的要求，建立了天然气脱硫装置优化设计数学模型，确定了该模型中的优化决策变量，并编制了计算机求解程序。在此基础上，研制开发出了相应的应用软件，从而形成了一套完整的天然气脱硫装置工艺模拟和优化设计技术。 本文的研究不仅能增强下游行业的天然气深加工能力，保障人民的生命财产安全、而且对提高天然气相关行业的整体经济和社会效益都具有十分重要的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Natural gas is a high quality clearing energy resources and also is a important industrial chemicals. The natural gas resource is very rich in the world. The natural gas ultimate recoverable reserves is about to 327. 4 × 10¹²m³, and unconventional gas resources is about to 1390×10¹² ～4430×10¹²m³. The human society will become to "the time of natural gas" in the middle of 21 century. But some of natural gas has acidic gas like H₂S、 CO₂.They have great danger to the production of industry and agriculture, also have great danger to the human life and wealth security. So natural gas sweetening is a important segment in gas industry. When exploratory development of petroleum and natural gas turns to complex and high risk reservoir area, the exploitation of high sulfa gas reservoir and its related mating technique become popular interest research topics. The main goal of this article is embracing the method of simulation and optimization in the natural gas desulfurization plan to obtain its justifiable main design parameters, and then decline gas conditioning cost, and improve system run effect entirely.First based on the home and abroad literature of natural gas devulcanizing technology, by means of comparative study, choose MDEA choice devulcanizing technology as research object in this article. In the devulcanizing process, aimed to the high nonhydrocarbon content like H₂S、 CO₂,using SHBWR state equation to establish physical property computation module which is suit for the natural gas desulfurization plant.Beginning MDEA choice devulcanizing technology fundamental reaction principle and technological process, from installation to unit, from unit to system, built up separately simulation mathematic model for the extractor, absorption tower, throttle valve, flash vaporization, heat exchanger, regenerating column, pump. And construct computer program frame picture, analysis partly calculation example. At last using the idea of sequence simulation method to found the system simulation mathematic model in natural gas desulfurization plant, used preprocessing crosscut minimal algorism to solve big scale sparse matrix in this model.Used the approach of economical technique and natural gas sweetening simulation更多还原