高中生考试焦虑的父母教养方式与人格特征研究

【作者】 张龙真；

【导师】 程绍珍；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 在我国现今教育体制中，考试几乎是选拔学生的唯一方法，是考察学生能力的唯一途径。为此，学生们的心理承受着巨大的心理压力，考试焦虑日趋严重。考试焦虑是一种负性情绪，特指由于考试带来的紧张状态。过度的考试焦虑不仅会影响学生的认知过程、考试成绩，更为严重的是会危害学生的心理健康和身体健康。如何缓解考试焦虑已经成为心理学工作者们关注的一个重要研究课题。 本研究选择父母教养方式和人格作为研究对象，分析三者之间的内部联系，并把焦虑水平划分为轻度焦虑、中度焦虑和重度焦虑三个等级，找出不同程度考试焦虑被试的父母养育方式特点和人格特点的异同，探讨更科学的家庭教养方式，寻求针对不同人格特点学生的缓解考试焦虑的方法，为有效缓解学生的考试焦虑提供细致、科学的依据，也为考试焦虑的预防提供可参考依据。 研究以河南省实验中学、郑州市第五中学、河南省偃师县高级中学三所学校的503名高中学生为研究对象，采用文献资料法和测量法进行研究分析。测量量表有：父母教养方式评价量表(Egma minnen bardndosna uppforstran，EMBU)，艾森克人格问卷简式量表中文版(EPQ-RSC)、Sarason考试焦虑量表(Test Anxiety Scale，TAS)和自编的一般情况调查问卷。数据的统计、分析采用SPSS(10.0)for Windows统计软件，对数据进行描述性分析、相关性分析和差异检验。 研究主要得出以下结论： (1) 被试整体考试焦虑水平偏高；考试焦虑水平性别间差异显著，女生比男生更容易体验到焦虑。 (2) 男女被试在父母教养方式量表某些因子上存在显著性差异。男女被试相比，女生更多体验到了来自父母的其偏爱，男生更多体验到了来自父母的过干涉、过保护和父亲的惩罚严厉、拒绝否认。另外，该量表某些因子的城乡间、是否是独生子女间差异显著。 (3) 内外向E、情绪性N和掩饰性L三个维度的性别间差异显著；被试整体人格特征与常模相比，情绪性N得分高于常模，掩饰性L得分低于常模，被更多还原

【Abstract】 In the nowadays educational system, examination is almost the only method to select the students and the only way to check the students’ ability . For this reason, the students are under the great psychological pressure and their anxiety of exam become serious gradually. The anxiety of exam is a kind of negative emotions which refer in particular to be brought by the nervous conditions. The excessiue anxiety of exam not only affects the students’ condition process and the result of the exam but also is even more harmful to the students’ psychology and physical health. How to release the anxiety of exam has been an important question to study which was played close attention to by the psychologists.This study choose the foster method of the parents and the personality as the study objects. Analyze the internal relation of the three and divided the anxiety level into three grades—the slight, the medial, the serious. Find out the similarities and differentes of the foster method of the parents and the personality of the students who have the different level of the exam anxiety and discuss the more scientific method of the family breeding, search the method to the students who have the different personality characteristic to release the exam anxiety of the students effectively and provide the reference basis for preventing the students’ exam anxiety.This research regards 503 senior middle school students as the study objects from HeNan Experiment Middle School, Zhengzhou No.5 Middle School, HeNan Yanshi Senior Middle School and study it using documentary data method and surveying method. The surveying instrument has EMBU, EPQ-RSC, Sarason Test Anxiety Scale and other Self-designed Questionnaire. We give the description analysis, correlate analysis and different inspection to the data by the Spss(10.0) of windows statistics software.The study has the following conclusion:(1) The examiner’s anxiety level tend to higher and the difference is obvious更多还原