【作者】 刘欣；

【导师】 董秀珍； 张立藩； 卢虹冰； 程九华；

【作者基本信息】 第四军医大学 ， 生物医学工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 当在失重(微重力)环境停留一段时间后，由于一系列适应性改变，航天员一般并无明显心血管症状；但当返回地面1G重力环境时，却普遍出现明显的心血管失调症状，不但直接威胁航天员返回、着陆时的安全，也影响其对地面重力环境的再适应能力。目前，改善心血管失调的对抗措施分为两类：即以运动为主的对抗措施和以重力为基础的对抗措施；基于重力的对抗措施又可细分为连续性人工重力对抗(continuous artificial gravity，CAG)和间断性人工重力(intermittent artificial gravity，IAG)对抗两类。研究表明通过在太空船安装短臂离心机(short arm centrifuge，SAC)，以此实现的IAG可有效替代CAG的对抗作用。然而，在微重力环境下进行人体实验受多方条件制约且费用昂贵，同时在地面进行卧床研究也受到方法学限制，而采用动物模型实验，可以进行多层次、多学科实验研究，补充人体实验之不足。 在心血管疾病及微重力心血管生理研究中，大鼠是最重要的实验动物之一。利用大鼠模型，可以进行从细胞、组织、器官到整体多个层次的观察，但对其心率变异性(heart rate variability，HRV)与血压变异性更多还原

【Abstract】 The cardiovascular function of cosmonauts is generally well maintained in space due to adaptational changes. Whereas on returning to 1-G environment of Earth, most of them experience symptoms of orthostatic intolerance lasting from several hours to even several days, depending on duration of microgravity exposure. Besides, upright exercise capacity is also commonly reduced postflight, which is also related to orthostatic intolerance and cardiovascular deconditioning due to microgravity exposure. Marked presyncopal symptoms and frank syncope could seriously or completely impair the crew member’s performance during entry, landing, and egress after long-duration spaceflights. However, currently used exercise-based countermeasures have limited success. For future long-duration missions, intermittent artificial gravity (IAG) by incorporating a short arm centrifuge (SAC) into the spacecraft has been suggested as an alternate to continuous artificial gravity (CAG). Before a short-arm centrifuge can in space be tested, the effective countermeasure must be examined. However, there are many difficulties and limitations in human studies. Methodological difficulties are更多还原