【作者】 廖雅琴；

【导师】 冯正直；

【作者基本信息】 第三军医大学 ， 应用心理学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 研究军人心理素质是增强部队战斗力的客观需求和提高军人心理健康水平的现实需要,对丰富和发展军事心理学和素质教育理论有重要价值。国内关于心理素质的研究目前已经积累了丰富的理论基础和成熟的研究方法,但是有关军人心理素质还没有开展系统研究,理论研究薄弱,未见实证研究,缺乏专门针对军人心理素质的测量工具,因此难以对军人心理素质的特点进行考察。针对上述问题,本研究的主要目的:(1)客观揭示军人心理素质的结构成分;(2)编制具有较好信、效度的军人心理素质问卷:(3)探索军人心理素质的特点。研究程序是首先在文献综述和开放式问卷的基础上,采用质性研究和量性研究相结合的方法,总结出军人心理素质的概念,并编制军人心理素质结构成分的半开半闭式问卷调查;在半开半闭式问卷调查的基础上,构建军人心理素质的理论结构模型;然后根据该结构模型编制军人心理素质初始问卷进行实证调查,研究军人心理素质的实证结构,形成军人心理素质正式问卷;最后通过正式问卷的大范围调查,考察军人心理素质的特点。具体研究结论如下:1.本研究采用在理论建构基础上自编的军人心理素质问卷,对陆、海、空3军种、10兵种和3394名军人进行心理素质问卷调查,采用因素分析得到军人心理素质是由聪慧、忠诚、勇敢、自信和耐挫5个大因素、15个因子构成的“大五因素”结构模型。聪慧由判断、决策、应变3个因子构成,忠诚由爱国、奉献、责任3个因子构成,勇敢由果断、坚定、顽强3个因子构成,自信由沉着、独立、乐群3个因子构成,耐挫由适应、调节、承受3个因子构成。实证结构模型基本拟合理论构想模型。2.自编的军人心理素质问卷具有较好的信度和效度。3.军人心理素质存在着性别差异。整体上,男军人高于女军人。4.陆、海、空3军种军人心理素质的整体水平上不存在显著差异。特别是在勇敢和忠诚因素上3军种无显著性差异。5.军人心理素质的职别差异显著,整体表现为士兵>士官>军官>学员。而在聪慧上,表现为军官>士官>士兵>学员的变化趋势。6.军人心理素质的年龄差异整体不显著。31-40岁之间在聪慧上得分最高, 41-50更多还原

【Abstract】 Studying the armymen’s mental quality is the objective needs strengthening the battle effectiveness and promoting the healthy development of the armymen’s mental. It is also an important task of constructing the psychological theory about the Martial Psychology and Quality Education. Although the domestic research on the mental quality has developed maturely and built up a stable basis , the research on the armymen’s mental quality is just in the beginning, it’s achievements are relatively fragmentary. It is weak in the theoretical research and lays particular stress on speculative exploration. The study that combines theoretical analysis and empirical method is very poor. There is lack of measurement instrument aimed at armymen, so it is hard to investigate systematically the developmental characteristics of the armymen’s mental quality.In view of these problems, the target of this research is to disclose the structure of the armymen’s mental quality, to compose a questionnaire for them and to explore the developmental characteristics of their mental quality. The procedures are as follows: firstly, construct a theoretical structure model based on the literature summation and the half open-ended and half close-ended inventory survey; secondly, make out a initial questionnaire for the armymen’s mental quality according to the structure model and apply it to investigation in order to obtain the empirical structure of the armymen’s mental quality, then form the formal questionnaire; and lastly survey the developmental characteristics of the armymen’s mental quality with the self-designed formal questionnaire. Following are our main research conclusions:1. After researching on the mental quality of 3394 armymen from the land forces, the navy and the air force and 10 army services we can conclude that the structure of multi-factors including 5 factors of aptitude, loyalty , bravery , self-confidence and willpower and 10 components. The aptitude is comprised of judgement , decision-making and response; the loyalty consists of patriotism, dedication, and responsibility ; the bravery is constituted by determination , steadiness and constancy; the self-confidence consists of更多还原