【作者】 许多涛；

【导师】 李晓；

【作者基本信息】 成都理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 矿山地下水运动一直是矿山环境问题的研究重点。白依庵泥岩矿作为都江堰拉法基水泥公司的辅料矿山，自2003年开采以来，出现了拉裂、塌陷、地下水涌出边坡并于矿层富积等多种问题。这些问题不但给矿山现在的开采活动带来了不便，也给矿山今后的安全生产造成了隐患。本文运用地质——水文地质调查、实验(包括现场实验和室内实验)、数字模拟等多种方法，重点研究了矿区地下水的赋存、动态及循环特点，系统分析了矿山开采所带来的地下水环境效应，并对采矿形成矿坑后，地下水向矿坑的汇集情况进行了数字模拟，计算矿坑的汇水水量。 研究发现矿山开采在改变矿区地层结构的同时也极大地改变了矿区地下水的原有循环条件，改变了地下水流场，将产生众多的环境效应。由于矿层氧化还原条件的改变，使矿层中的一些有害组分发生氧化反应进入地下水中，改变了地下水的水质。开采边坡的形成使地下水涌出地层造成含水层水位下降，含水层中地下水的流失将使失水地层发生压实、沉降。地下水通过裂隙、裂缝对边坡和滑坡产生作用，影响了它们的稳定性，严重时可能引发地质灾害。同时，矿山的开采也会通过表土剥离、地下水位下降、水质变化等作用对植被的生态造成危害。 通过对矿坑汇水量的计算，发现在矿坑产生以后，会形成向矿坑方向为主的地下水流向，产生大量的汇水。这些汇水主要来自砂岩层的承压水和河流通过裂隙向矿坑的汇水。由于矿区地下水的污染，使矿坑水也受到污染。矿山开采要求对矿坑水进行外排，矿坑水把污染物带入矿区外的水体中，可能会对矿区外的环境产生影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 The groundwater activity of the mining area is always major research of the mine environment. As a secondary material mine of Lafarge cement division ofDujiangyan city, Baiyi’an mudstone mine occur many problems such as tension fracture, collapse, the outflow of groundwater from the slope and its enrichment in the ore bed from the exploitation in 2003.Such problems not only bring troubles to the exploitation of the mining area now, but also give birth to incipient fault for the safety of the mining activity. This paper makes use of several methods such as hydrogeology survey, experiment (field and indoor), numeric simulation etc, focally studies the characteristic of the groundwater storage, dynamic and circulation in the mining area and systematically analyzes the groundwater environmental effect caused by the mine exploitation. After the formation of the mining pit, we simulate the collection of groundwater to the mining pit and compute the water-collecting amount of the mining pit.The results show that the exploitation of the mining area not only changes stratigraphic structure, but also alters cyclical conditions of the groundwater in the ming area, which influences the groundwater flow field and will bring many environmental effect. For the change of the redox conditions of the ore bed, some harmful substances of which will enter into the groundwater caused by the oxidation reaction and alter the quality of the groundwater. The formation of mining slope makes the groundwater effuse the stratum so as to cause the aquifer level fall down. The runoff of the groundwater will lead to the compaction and settlement of the runoff stratum. The更多还原