【作者】 梅继丹；

【导师】 惠俊英；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 信号与信息处理， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 被动声纳因隐蔽性好等优点而倍受关注，成为潜艇的主战声纳。传统被动声呐系统多半采用中小规模集成电路，体积较大，硬件处理能力低。定位精度未得到充分挖掘，跟踪目标能力受限，因此需要用现代信号处理方法和电子技术对其进行改进。使系统集成化、数字化、小型化，运算速度和精度也将得到提高。 测向模块是被动声纳系统中的一个至关重要的组成部分。它的作用是能够在360°全方位内侦查并发目标，可同时对多个(最多3个)目标进行跟踪，并向测距模块提供测向数据。论文研究的主要内容是改进和实现被动声纳的测向模块。 论文阐述了被动声纳测向原理及物理基础，并分析了影响测向精度的主要因素。给出了一个完整的测向方法——互相关法测向并分析了其CRLB界。其次介绍了噪声被动测向的各组成部分，包括预处理机、波束形成器、广义互相关器、测向时延估计器、后置滤波器和跟踪器等。对时延波束形成、滑动窗户相关等算法进行了仿真研究，对比新旧算法的优缺点，进行了详细的性能分析。最后论文介绍了测向系统的实现：包括数字滤波器的设计、改进的滑动窗互相关器的设计，以及跟踪器设计。并且对各部分算法的编程做了成功的优化使其能够满足实时处理的要求。 论文所研究的噪声目标被动测向模块已完成并通过了实验室模拟器检验，其性能通过了全面的考核，功能和指标均达到了系统要求。文中最后给出了各种目标运动条件下的测向结果，结果表明该模块与旧的测向模块相比具有较高的测向精度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Active SONAR provides signal for enemy when ranging by transmitting pulse and this is very dangerous for submarine. Therefore, Passive SONAR, aiming at universal noise targets, becomes the dominating SONAR of submarine. The traditional SONARs are consisted of middle or small scale Integrated circuit. Their hardware is big and low calculation ability. So the position precision of the SORNAR is low and the ability of tracing target is limited. It is necessary to improve the ability of the traditional SONARs using digital signal processing and electronic technology. The system will be integrated, digital and miniaturization. The calculation ability and precision of SONAR will be improved.The direction model is an important part of passive SONAR. It can detect target in 360° ranging and can tracing multi targets (three) in the same time. It can provide direction data to other models. The paper is on improving the direction model of Passive SONAR.First the paper explains the principle and physical basement of passive SONAR direction and the reason that will lower the precision. The paper provide a completed method of direction—passive cross-correlate direction and its CRLB. Second, the paper introduces all parts of passive noise direction: including pre-processor, beam forming, generalized cross-correlator (GCC), ranging time delay estimator, and post-filter, etc. Emulate beam forming and slide windows correlating. Compare of the new and the old methods, performance is detail analyzed. Last, the paper introduces the design of direction model of passive SONAR including digital filter, advantaged slide windows cross-correlator correlation and tracer. The program is optimized to fit the needs of real-time processing.The design of passive noise direction model in the paper has been realized on DSP and passed the examination of SONAR emulator. The performance reaches the request of the system. At last, the paper provides the result of moving targets. The result proves that the precision of the direction model is better.更多还原